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1/74 january 2002 n high performance cpu C 16-bit cpu with 4-stage pipeline C 80ns instruction cycle time at 25mhz cpu clock C 400ns 16 x 16-bit multiplication C 800ns 32 / 16-bit division C enhanced boolean bit manipulation facilities C additional instructions to support hll and operating systems C single-cycle context switching sup- port n memory organization C 256k byte on-chip flash memory C 10k erasing / programming cycles C up to 16m byte linear address space for code and data (5m byte with can) C 2k byte on-chip internal ram (iram) C 6k byte on-chip extension ram (xram) C 20 year data retention time n fast and flexible bus C programmable external bus charac- te- ristics for different address ranges C 8-bit or 16-bit external data bus C multiplexed or demultiplexed exter- nal address / data buses C five programmable chip-select signals C hold-acknowledge bus arbitration support n interrupt C 8-channel peripheral event control- ler for single cycle, interrupt driven data transfer C 16-priority-level interrupt system with 56 sources, sample-rate down to 40ns n timers C two multi-functional general pur- pose timer units with 5 timers C two 16-channel capture / compare units. n 4-channel pwm unit n serial channels C synchronous / asynchronous serial channel C high-speed synchronous channel n a/d converter C 16-channel 10-bit C 7.76s conversion time n fail-safe protection C programmable watchdog timer C oscillator watchdog n on-chip can 2.0b interface n on-chip bootstrap loader n clock generation C on-chip pll C direct or prescaled clock input. n up to 111 general purpose i/o lines C individually programmable as input, output or special function. C programmable threshold (hysteresis) n idle and power down modes n single voltage supply: 5v 10% n 144-pin pqfp package pqfp144 (28 x 28 mm) (plastic quad flat pack) p.6 p.5 p.3 p..2 gpts asc brg flash cpu core watchdog interrupt controller pec p.7 p.8 ebc adc brg ssc pwm capcom2 capcom1 ram xram can osc p.1 p.0 p.4 st10f168 16-bit mcu with 256k byte flash memory and 8k byte ram this is advance information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. details are subject to change without notice.
st10f168 2/74 1 introduction ......................................................................................................... 4 2 pin data ................................................................................................................... 5 3 functional description.................................................................................... 10 4 memory organization........................................................................................ 11 5 flash memory ....................................................................................................... 13 5.1 programming / erasing with st embedded algorithm kernel .......... 14 5.2 programming examples .................................................................................... 16 5.3 flash memory configuration......................................................................... 18 5.4 flash protection ................................................................................................ 18 5.5 bootstrap loader mode................................................................................... 18 6 central processing unit (cpu) ...................................................................... 19 6.1 instruction set summary................................................................................. 20 7 external bus controller............................................................................... 22 8 interrupt system ................................................................................................ 23 9 capture / compare (capcom) unit ................................................................. 26 10 general purpose timer unit ........................................................................... 28 10.1 gpt1 ....................................................................................................................... .... 28 10.2 gpt2 ....................................................................................................................... .... 28 11 pwm module ........................................................................................................... 31 12 parallel ports .................................................................................................... 32 13 a/d converter....................................................................................................... 33 14 serial channels .................................................................................................. 34 15 can module ............................................................................................................ 36 16 watchdog timer................................................................................................... 36 17 system reset ......................................................................................................... 37 17.1 asynchronous reset (long hardware reset) ........................................ 37 17.2 synchronous reset (warm reset) ............................................................... 38 17.3 software reset ................................................................................................... 39 17.4 watchdog timer reset ...................................................................................... 39 17.5 reset circuitry ................................................................................................... 39 18 power reduction modes .................................................................................. 42 table of content page
st10f168 3/74 19 special function register overview.......................................................... 43 19.1 identification registers .................................................................................. 49 20 electrical characteristics .......................................................................... 50 20.1 absolute maximum ratings .............................................................................. 50 20.2 parameter interpretation.............................................................................. 50 20.3 dc characteristics ............................................................................................ 50 20.4 a/d converter characteristics .................................................................... 52 20.5 ac characteristics............................................................................................. 53 20.5.1 test waveforms ........................................................................................................ 5 3 20.5.2 definition of internal timing......................................................................................... 54 20.5.3 clock generation modes ............................................................................................. 54 20.5.4 prescaler operation..................................................................................................... 5 5 20.5.5 direct drive............................................................................................................. ..... 55 20.5.6 oscillator watchdog (owd) ........................................................................................ 55 20.5.7 phase locked loop..................................................................................................... 55 20.5.8 external clock drive xtal1 ........................................................................................ 56 20.5.9 memory cycle variables.............................................................................................. 57 20.5.10 multiplexed bus ......................................................................................................... .. 57 20.5.11 demultiplexed bus....................................................................................................... 63 20.5.12 clkout and ready.................................................................................................. 69 20.5.13 external bus arbitration............................................................................................... 7 1 21 package mechanical data .............................................................................. 73 22 ordering information....................................................................................... 73
st10f168 4/74 1 - introduction the st10f168 is a derivative of the stmicroelec- tronics 16-bit single-chip cmos microcontrollers. it combines high cpu performance (up to 12.5 million instructions per second) with high peripheral functionality and enhanced i/o capabil- ities. it also provides on-chip high-speed flash memory, on-chip high-speed ram, and clock gen- eration via pll. figure 1 : logic symbol xtal1 rstin xtal2 rstout nmi ea ready ale rd wr /wrl port 5 16-bit port 6 8-bit port 4 8-bit port 3 15-bit port 2 16-bit port 1 16-bit port 0 16-bit v dd v ss port 7 8-bit port 8 8-bit v aref v agnd st10f168 v pp
st10f168 5/74 2 - pin data figure 2 : pin configuration (top view) ea ale rd v ss v dd p6.0/cs0 p6.1/cs1 p6.2/cs2 p6.3/cs3 p6.4/cs4 p6.5/hold p6.6/hlda p6.7/breq p8.0/cc16io p8.1/cc17io p8.2/cc18io p8.3/cc19io p8.4/cc20io p8.6/cc22io p8.7/cc23io v dd v ss p7.0/pout0 p7.1/pout1 p7.2/pout2 p7.3/pout3 p8.5/cc21io v pp /rpd p7.4/cc28i0 p7.5/cc29i0 p7.6/cc30i0 p7.7/cc31i0 p5.0/an0 p5.1/an1 p5.2/an2 p5.3/an3 p5.4/an4 p5.5/an5 p5.6/an6 p5.7/an7 p5.8/an8 p5.9/an9 p0h.0/ad8 p0l.7/ad7 p0l.6/ad6 p0l.5/ad5 p0l.4/ad4 p0l.3/ad3 p0l.2ad2 p0l.1/ad1 p0l.0/ad0 ready wr/wrl p4.7/a23 p4.6/a22/can_txd p4.5/a21/can_rxd p4.4/a20 p4.3/a19 p4.2/a18 p4.1/a17 p4.0/a16 v ss v dd p3.15/clkout p3.13/sclk p3.12/bhe /wrh p3.11/rxd0 p3.10/txd0 p3.9/mtsr p3.8/mrst p3.7/t2in p3.6/t3in v aref v agnd p5.10/an10/t6eud p5.11/an11/t5eud p5.12/an12/t6in p5.13/an13/t5in p5.14/an14/t4eud p5.15/an15/t2eud v ss v dd p2.0/cc0io p2.1/cc1io p2.2/cc2io p2.3/cc3io p2.4/cc4io p2.5/cc5io p2.6/cc6io p2.7/cc7io v ss v dd p2.8/cc8io/ex0in p2.9/cc9io/ex1in p2.10/cc10ioex2in p2.11/cc11ioex3in p2.12/cc12io/ex4in p2.13/cc13io/ex5in p2.14/cc14io/ex6in p2.15/cc15io/ex7in/t7in p3.0/t0in p3.1/t6out p3.2/capin p3.3/t3out p3.4/t3eud p3.5/t4in v ss v dd v ss nmi v dd rstout rstin v ss xtal1 xtal2 v dd p1h.7/a15/cc27io p1h.6/a14/cc26io p1h.5/a13/cc25io p1h.4/a12/cc24io p1h.3/a11 p1h.2/a10 p1h.1/a9 p1h.0/a8 v ss v dd p1l.7/a7 p1l.6/a6 p1l.5/a5 p1l.4/a4 p1l.3/a3 p1l.2/a2 p1l.1/a1 p1l.0/a0 p0h.7/ad15 p0h.6/ad14 p0h.5/ad13 p0h.4/ad12 p0h.3/ad11 p0h.2/ad10 p0h.1/ad9 v ss v dd 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 144 143 142 141 140 139 138 137 136 135 134 133 132 131 130 129 128 127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 st10f168
st10f168 6/74 table 1 : pin description symbol pin type function p6.0 - p6.7 1 - 8 i/o 8-bit bidirectional i/o port, bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bit. programming an i/o pin as input forces the corresponding output driver to high impedance state. port 6 outputs can be configured as push-pull or open drain drivers. the following port 6 pins have alternate functions: 1 o p6.0 cs0 chip select 0 output ... ... ... ... ... 5 o p6.4 cs4 chip select 4 output 6 i p6.5 hold external master hold request input 7 o p6.6 hlda hold acknowledge output 8 o p6.7 breq bus request output p8.0 - p8.7 9-16 i/o 8-bit bidirectional i/o port, bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bit. programming an i/o pin as input forces the corresponding output driver to high impedance state. port 8 outputs can be configured as push-pull or open drain drivers. the input threshold of port 8 is selectable (ttl or special). the following port 8 pins have alternate functions: 9 i/o p8.0 cc16io capcom2: cc16 capture input / compare output ... ... ... ... ... 16 i/o p8.7 cc23io capcom2: cc23 capture input / compare output p7.0 - p7.7 19-26 i/o 8-bit bidirectional i/o port, bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bit. programming an i/o pin as input forces the corresponding output driver to high impedance state. port 7 outputs can be configured as push-pull or open drain drivers. the input threshold of port 7 is selectable (ttl or special). the following port 7 pins have alternate functions: 19 o p7.0 pout0 pwm channel 0 output ... ... ... ... ... 22 o p7.3 pout3 pwm channel 3 output 23 i/o p7.4 cc28io capcom2: cc28 capture input / compare output ... ... ... ... ... 26 i/o p7.7 cc31io capcom2: cc31 capture input / compare output p5.0 - p5.9 p5.10 - p5.15 27-36 39-44 i i 16-bit input-only port with schmitt-trigger characteristics. the pins of port 5 can be the analog input channels (up to 16) for the a/d converter, where p5.x equals anx (analog input channel x), or they are timer inputs: 39 i p5.10 t6eud gpt2 timer t6 external up / down control input 40 i p5.11 t5eud gpt2 timer t5 external up / down control input 41 i p5.12 t6in gpt2 timer t6 count input 42 i p5.13 t5in gpt2 timer t5 count input 43 i p5.14 t4eud gpt1 timer t4 external up / down control input 44 i p5.15 t2eud gpt1 timer t2 external up / down control input
st10f168 7/74 p2.0 - p2.7 p2.8 - p2.15 47-54 57-64 i/o 16-bit bidirectional i/o port, bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bit. programming an i/o pin as input forces the corresponding output driver to high impedance state. port 2 outputs can be configured as push-pull or open drain drivers. the input threshold of port 2 is selectable (ttl or special). the following port 2 pins have alternate functions: 47 i/o p2.0 cc0io capcom: cc0 capture input / compare output ... ... ... ... ... 54 i/o p2.7 cc7io capcom: cc7 capture input / compare output 57 i/o p2.8 cc8io capcom: cc8 capture input / compare output i ex0in fast external interrupt 0 input ... ... ... ... ... 64 i/o p2.15 cc15io capcom: cc15 capture input / compare output i ex7in fast external interrupt 7 input i t7in capcom2 timer t7 count input p3.0 - p3.5 p3.6 - p3.13, p3.15 65-70, 73-80, 81 i/o i/o i/o 15-bit (p3.14 is missing) bidirectional i/o port, bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bit. programming an i/o pin as input forces the corresponding output driver to high impedance state. port 3 outputs can be configured as push-pull or open drain drivers. the input threshold of port 3 is selectable (ttl or special). the following port 3 pins have alternate functions: 65 i p3.0 t0in capcom timer t0 count input 66 o p3.1 t6out gpt2 timer t6 toggle latch output 67 i p3.2 capin gpt2 register caprel capture input 68 o p3.3 t3out gpt1 timer t3 toggle latch output 69 i p3.4 t3eud gpt1 timer t3 external up / down control input 70 i p3.5 t4in gpt1 timer t4 input for count / gate / reload / capture 73 i p3.6 t3in gpt1 timer t3 count / gate input 74 i p3.7 t2in gpt1 timer t2 input for count / gate / reload / capture 75 i/o p3.8 mrst ssc master-receiver / slave-transmitter i/o 76 i/o p3.9 mtsr ssc master-transmitter / slave-receiver o/i 77 o p3.10 txd0 asc0 clock / data output (asynchronous / synchronous) 78 i/o p3.11 rxd0 asc0 data input (asynchronous) or i/o (synchronous) 79 o p3.12 bhe external memory high byte enable signal wrh external memory high byte write strobe 80 i/o p3.13 sclk ssc master clock output / slave clock input 81 o p3.15 clkout system clock output (=cpu clock) table 1 : pin description (continued) symbol pin type function
st10f168 8/74 p4.0 - p4.7 85-92 i/o 8-bit bidirectional i/o port, bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bit. programming an i/o pin as input forces the corresponding output driver to high impedance state. for external bus configuration, port 4 can be used to output the segment address lines: 85-89 o p4.0-p4.4 a16-a20 segment address line 90 o p4.5 a21 segment address line i can_rxd can receiver data input 91 o p4.6 a22 segment address line o can_txd can transmitter data output 92 o p4.7 a23 most significant segment addrress line rd 95 o external memory read strobe. rd is activated for every external instruction or data read access. wr /wrl 96 o external memory write strobe. in wr -mode this pin is activated for every external data write access. in wrl mode this pin is activated for low byte data write accesses on a 16-bit bus, and for every data write access on an 8-bit bus. see wrcfg in the syscon register for mode selection. ready/ ready 97 i ready input. the active level is programmable. when the ready function is enabled, the selected inactive level at this pin, during an external memory access, will force the insertion of wait state cycles until the pin returns to the selected active level. ale 98 o address latch enable output. in case of use of external addressing or of multi- plexed mode, this signal is the latch command of the address lines. ea 99 i external access enable pin. a low level at this pin during and after reset forces the st10f168 to start the program from the external memory space. a high level forces the st10f168 to start in the internal memory space. p0l.0 - p0l.7 p0h.0 p0h.1 - p0h.7 100 - 107, 108, 111 - 117 i/o two 8-bit bidirectional i/o ports p0l and p0h, bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bit. programming an i/o pin as input forces the corresponding output driver to high impedance state. in case of an external bus configuration, port0 serves as the address (a) and as the address / data (ad) bus in multiplexed bus modes and as the data (d) bus in demul- tiplexed bus modes. table 1 : pin description (continued) symbol pin type function demultiplexed bus modes data path width: 8-bit 16-bit p0l.0 C p0l.7: d0 C d7 d0 - d7 p0h.0 C p0h.7: i/o d8 - d15 multiplexed bus modes data path width: 8-bit 16-bit p0l.0 C p0l.7: ad0 C ad7 ad0 - ad7 p0h.0 C p0h.7: a8 C a15 ad8 C ad15
st10f168 9/74 p1l.0 - p1l.7 p1h.0 - p1h.7 118-125 128-135 i/o two 8-bit bidirectional i/o ports p1l and p1h, bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bit. programming an i/o pin as input forces the corresponding output driver to high impedance state. port1 is used as the 16-bit address bus (a) in demultiplexed bus modes and also after switching from a demultiplexed bus mode to a multiplexed bus mode. the following port1 pins have alternate functions: 132 i p1h.4 cc24io capcom2: cc24 capture input 133 i p1h.5 cc25io capcom2: cc25 capture input 134 i p1h.6 cc26io capcom2: cc26 capture input 135 i p1h.7 cc27io capcom2: cc27 capture input xtal1 138 i xtal1 oscillator amplifier and internal clock generator input xtal2 137 o xtal2: oscillator amplifier circuit output. to clock the device from an external source, drive xtal1 while leaving xtal2 unconnected. minimum and maximum high / low and rise / fall times specified in the ac characteristics must be observed. rstin 140 i reset input with schmitt-trigger characteristics. a low level at this pin for a speci- fied duration while the oscillator is running resets the st10f168. an internal pullup resistor permits power-on reset using only a capacitor connected to v ss . in bidirec- tional reset mode (enabled by setting bit bdrsten in syscon register), the rstin line is pulled low for the duration of the internal reset sequence. rstout 141 o internal reset indication output. this pin is set to a low level during hardware, soft- ware or watchdog timer reset. rstout remains low until the einit (end of initial- ization) instruction is executed. nmi 142 i non-maskable interrupt input. a high to low transition at this pin causes the cpu to vector to the nmi trap routine. if bit pwdcfg = 0 in syscon register, when the pwrdn (power down) instruction is executed, the nmi pin must be low in order to force the st10f168 to go into power down mode. if nmi is high and pwdcfg =0, when pwrdn is executed, the part will continue to run in normal mode. if it is not used, pin nmi should be pulled high externally. v aref 37 - a/d converter reference voltage. v agnd 38 - a/d converter reference ground. v pp /rpd 84 - flash programming voltage. programming voltage of the on-chip flash memory must be supplied to this pin. it is used also as the timing pin for the return from interruptible powerdown mode. v dd 17,46, 56,72, 82,93, 109, 126, 136, 144 - digital supply voltage: = + 5v during normal operation and idle mode. > 2.5v during power down mode. v ss 18,45, 55,71, 83,94, 110, 127, 139, 143 - digital ground. table 1 : pin description (continued) symbol pin type function
st10f168 10/74 3 - functional description the architecture of the st10f168 combines advantages of both risc and cisc processors and an advanced peripheral subsystem. the block diagram gives an overview of the different on-chip components and the high bandwidth internal bus structure of the st10f168. figure 3 : block diagram por t 0 por t 1 por t 4 por t 6 por t 5 por t 3 port 2 gpt1 gpt2 asc usart brg cpu-core internal ram watchdog interrupt controller 8 16 32 16 pec 16 16 can port 7 por t 8 external bus 10-bit adc brg ssc pwm capcom2 capcom1 16 16 osc. 6k byte 16 controller 16 8 16 256k byte + pll xram flash memory can_rxd p4.5 can_txd p4.6 xtal1 xtal2 15 8 8
st10f168 11/74 4 - memory organization the memory space of the st10f168 is configured in a von neumann architecture. code memory, data memory, registers and i/o ports are orga- nized within the same linear address space of 16m byte. the entire memory space can be accessed bytewise or wordwise. particular por- tions of the on-chip memory have additionally been made directly bit addressable. flash: 256k byte of on-chip flash memory. see flash memory on page 13 iram: 2k byte of on-chip internal ram (dual-port) is provided as a storage for data, sys- tem stack, general purpose register banks and code. a register bank is 16 wordwide (r0 to r15) and / or bytewide (rl0, rh0, , rl7, rh7) gen- eral purpose registers. xram: 6k byte of on-chip extension ram (single port xram) is provided as a storage for data, user stack and code. the xram is connected to the internal xbus and is accessed like an external memory in 16-bit demultiplexed bus-mode without wait state or read / write delay (80ns access at 25mhz cpu clock). byte and word access are allowed. the xram address range is 00d000h - 00e7ffh if the xram is enabled ( xpen bit 2 of syscon register). as the xram appears like external memory, it cannot be used for the st10f168s system stack or register banks. the xram is not provided for single bit storage and therefore is not bit addressable. if bit xpen is cleared, then any access in the address range 00d000h - 00e7ffh will be directed to external memory interface, using the busconx register corresponding to address matching addrselx register. sfr/esfr: 1024 byte (2 x 512 byte) of address space is reserved for the special function regis- ter areas. sfrs are wordwide registers which are used for controlling and monitoring functions of the different on-chip units. can: address range 00ef00h - 00efffh is reserved for the can module access. the can is enabled by setting xpen bit 2 of the syscon register. accesses to the can module use demul- tiplexed addresses and a 16-bit data bus (byte accesses are possible). two wait states give an access time of 160ns at 25mhz cpu clock. no tristate wait state is used. note: if the can module is used, port 4 can not be programmed to output all 8 segment address lines. therefore, only 4 segment address lines can be used, reducing the external memory space to 5m byte (1m byte per cs line) to meet the needs of designs where more mem- ory is required than is provided on chip, up to 16m byte of external ram and / or rom can be con- nected to the microcontroller.
st10f168 12/74 figure 4 : st10f168 on-chip memory mapping 0x50000 0x14 0x4ffff 0x4c000 0x13 0x48000 0x12 0x44000 0x11 0x40000 0x10 0x3c000 0x0f 0x38000 0x0e bank 3 : 96k byte 0x37fff 0x34000 0x0d 0x30000 0x0c 0x2c000 0x0b 0x28000 0x0a 0x24000 0x09 0x20000 0x08 bank 2 : 96k byte 0x1ffff 0x1c000 0x07 0x18000 0x06 bank 1h : 32k byte bank 1l : 16k byte 0x14000 0x05 0x04 bank 0 : 16k byte 0x10000 bank 1l : 16k byte 0x04000 0x01 0x00 bank 0 : 16k byte 0x00000 0x02 0x08000 0x0ffff sfr area 0x0fe00 0x0fdff iram : 2k byte 0x0f600 0x0efff can module 0x0ef00 0x0e7ff xram : 6k byte 0x0d000 * bank 0 and bank 1 l may be remapped from segment 0 to segment 1 by setting syscon.roms1 (before einit) ram, sfr and x-pheripherals are mapped into the address space. syscon.xpen=1 enables can and xram (before einit) segment 4 segment 3 segment 2 segment 1 segment 0 data page number absolute memory address 0x17fff 0x13fff 0x07fff 0x03fff 0x0f1ff esfr area 0x0f000
st10f168 13/74 5 - flash memory the st10f168 provides 256k byte of an electrically erasable and reprogrammable flash memory on-chip. the flash memory can be used both for code and data storage. it is organized into four 32-bit wide blocks allowing even double word instructions to be fetched in one machine cycle. the four blocks of size16k, 48k, 96k and 96k byte can be erased and reprogrammed individually (see table 2 and ta bl e 3 ) . the flash memory can be programmed in a pro- gramming board or in the target system which provides high system flexibility. the algorithms to program or erase the flash memory are embed- ded in the flash memory itself (st embedded algorithm kernel, or steak tm ). to start a program / erase operation, the users software has just to load gprs with the address and data to be programmed, or sector to be erased. steak uses embedded routines, which check the validity of the programmed parameters, decode and then execute the programming or erase command. during operation, the steak routines carry out checks and retries to verify proper cell programming or erasing. when an error occurs, steak returns an error-code which identifies the cause of the error. a flash memory protection option prevents the read-back of the flash memory contents from external memory, or from on-chip ram. code operation from within the flash continues as nor- mal. the first bank (16k byte) and part of the second bank (16k byte out of 48k byte) of the on-chip flash memory of the st10f168 can be mapped to either segment 0 (addresses 00000h to 07fffh) or to segment 1 (addresses 10000h to 17fffh) during the initialization phase. external memory can be used for additional system flexibility. v dd = 5v 10%, v pp = 12v 5%, v ss = 0v, f cpu = 25mhz, for q6 version : t a = -40c, +85c and for q3 version t a = -40c, + 125c. table 2 : flash memory characteristics symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit f cpu cpu frequency during erasing / programming operation 5 - 32 mhz cyc erasing / programming cycles f cpu = 25mhz - - 10k t sprg single word programming time f cpu = 25mhz - 40 1500 m s t dprg double word programming time f cpu = 25mhz - 40 1500 m s t ebnk sector erasing time f cpu = 25mhz - 315 s t ret data retention time defectivity below 1ppm / year 20 - - year table 3 : flash memory bank organisation bank addresses (segment 0) addresses (segment 1) size (byte) 0 1 2 3 000000h to 003fffh 004000h to 007fffh + 018000h to 01ffffh 020000h to 037fffh 038000h to 04ffffh 010000h to 013fffh 014000h to 01ffffh 020000h to 03ffffh 038000h to 04ffffh 16k 48k 96k 96k
st10f168 14/74 5.1 - programming / erasing with st embedded algorithm kernel there are three stages to run steak : C to load the registers r0 to r4 with the steak command, the address and the data to be pro- gramed, or sector to be erased. table 4 gives the steak parameters for each type of flash programming / erasing operation. table 5 de- fines the codes used in table 4. C to initiate the unlock sequence. the unlock se- quence is composed of two consecutive writes to an even address in the flash active address space - the first write has direct addressing mode (mov mem, rwn) - the second write has indirect addressing mode (mov [rwm], rwn). rwn can be any unused word-gpr (r6 to r15) loaded with a value resulting in the same even address as mem. C to read the return values in r0. when the em- bedded programming / erasing algorithm returns to trigger point, return values are given in r0. table 6 gives the error-code definitions, table 7 gives the return values in each register for each type of flash programming / erasing command. note: the flash embedded steak algorithms require at least 50 words on the internal system stack. steak verifies that there is enough free space on the system stack, before performing a programming or eras- ing operation.the mdh, mdl and mdc register content are modified. code examples for programming and erasing the flash memory using steak are given in section 5.2. note for more details refer to steak applica- tion note on www.st.com web site. table 4 : steak parameters command r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 single word programming 55ash addoff w nu 2tcl double word programming dd4sh addoff dwl dwh 2tcl multiple (block) programming aa5sh begaddoff endaddoff sourceaddr 2tcl sector erasing eeeeh 5555h bnk bnk 2tcl set flash protection uprog bit cccch 5555h 3333h aaaah 2tcl read status 7777h nu nu nu 2tcl table 5 : programming / erasing code definition s segment of the target flash memory cell, addoff segment offset of the target flash memory cell. must be even value (word-aligned address). w data (word) to be written in flash. dwl,dwh data (double word, dhl = low word, dwh = high word) to be written in flash. begaddoff segment offset of the first target flash memory word to be written in a multiple programming command. must be even value (word-aligned address). endaddoff segment offset of the last target flash memory word to be written in a multiple programming command. must be even value (word-aligned address). the value d = (endaddoff - begaddoff) must be: 0 <= d < 16384 (ie. up to one page (16k byte) can be written in the flash with one multi-word programming command). sourceadd start address for the block to be programmed. this address is using implicitly the data paging mechanism of the cpu. sourceadd value must respect the following rules : - sourceadd + (endaddoff - begaddoff) < 16384. - page 0 and 1 can not be used for source data if bit roms1 = 1 (in syscon register). note that source data can be located in flash (in pages 0, 1, 6 to 19 if bit roms1 = 0, or in pages 4 to 19 if bit roms1 = 1). bnk number of the bank to be erased. for security, r2 and r3 must hold the same value. 2tcl cpu clock period in nano-seconds (eg. r4 = 50 (32h) means cpu frequency is 20mhz).
st10f168 15/74 table 6 : error code definition (r0 content after steak execution) note: the flash embedded steak algorithms require at least 50 words on the internal system stack for proper operation. the program itself verifies that there is enough free space on the system stack before performing a programming or erasing operation, by computing the word number between stack pointer (sp) and stack overflow register (stkov ). the mdh, mdl and mdc register content are modified. registers r0 to r4 are used as input data for steak, and are modified as explained above (return values). registers r5 to r15 are used internally by steak, but preserved on entry and restore on exit of steak. it is very important to take into account the fact that steak uses up to 50 words on the sys- tem stack. to prevent any abnormal situation, it is very important to initialize cor- rectly the stack size to at least 64 words, and to correctly ini- tialize register stkov. error code meaning 00h operation was successful 01h flash protection is active 02h vpp voltage not present 03h programming operation failed 04h address value (r1) incorrect: not in flash address area or odd 05h cpu period out of range (must be between 30 ns to 500 ns) 06h not enough free space on system stack for proper operation 07h incorrect bank number (r2,r3) specified 08h erase operation failed (phase 1) 09h bad source address for multiple word programming command 0ah bad number of words to be copied in multiple word programming command: one destination will be out of flash. 0bh pll unlocked or oscillator watchdog overflow occured during programming or erasing the flash. 0ch erase operation failed (phase 2) ffh unknown or bad command table 7 : return values for each programming / erase command programming command r0 r1 r2 r3 r4-r15 single or double word programming error code unchanged data in flash for location segment + segment offset (r0.[3:0] with r1) data in flash for location segment + segment offset + 2 (r0[3:0] with r1+2) unchanged block programming error code the last segment offset address of the last written word in flash (failing flash address if r0 is not equal to zero) undefined unchanged erasing error code undefined unchanged after status read error code flash embedded rev msbyte = major release lsbyte = minor revision circuit identifiers : r2 = #0787h r3 = #0101h for this device unchanged
st10f168 16/74 5.2 - programming examples programming a double word note: for easier coding, the standard data paging addressing scheme is overriden for the two mov instructions of the flash trigger sequence (exts instruction). however this coding also locks both standard and pec interrupts and class a hardware traps. this override can be replaced by an atomic instruction if the standard dpp addressing scheme must be preserved. ; code shown below assumes that flash is mapped in segment 1 ; ie. bit roms1 = 1 in syscon register ; flash must be enabled, ie. bit romen = 1 in syscon. mov r0, #0dd40h ; dd4xh : double word programming command or r0, #01h ; selects segment 1 in flash memory mov r1, #00224h ; address to be programmed is 010224h mov r2, #03456h ; data to be programmed at 010224h mov r3, #04567h ; data to be programmed at 010226h mov r4, #050d ; 50ns is 20mhz cpu clock frequency mov r7, #08000h ; r7 used for flash trigger sequence #define fcr 08000h ; flash unlock sequence consists in two consecutive writes, with the direct addressing mode and then the indirect addressing mode. fcr must represent an even address in the active address space of the flash memory, and rwn can be any unused word gpr (r6 to r15)loaded with a value resulting in the same even address than fcr exts #1, #2 ; flash can be mapped in segment 0 or 1 mov fcr, r7 ; first part mov [r7], r7 ; second part nop ; warning: place 2 nop operations after nop ; the unlock sequence to avoid all possible ; pipeline conflicts in steak programs
st10f168 17/74 programming a block of data the following code is provided as an example to program a block of data. flash to be programmed is from address 019000h to 019ffeh (included). source data (data to be copied into flash) is located in external ram from address 051000h (to 051ffeh, implicitly) : ; code shown below assumes that flash is mapped in segment 1 ; ie. bit roms1 = 1 in syscon register ; flash must be enabled, ie. bit romen = 1 in syscon. mov r0, #0aa50h ; aa5xh : multi word programming command or r0, #01h ; selects segment 1 in flash memory mov r1, #09000h ; first flash segment offset address mov r2, #09ffeh ; last flash segment offset address mov r3, #09000h ; source data address: use dpp2 as ; data page pointer scxt dpp2,#20d ; source is in page 20 (first page of ; segment 5): save previous dpp2 value ; and load it with source page number mov r4, #050d ; 50ns is 20mhz cpu clock frequency mov r7, #08000h ; r7 used for flash trigger sequence #define fcr 08000h exts #1, #2 ; flash can be mapped in segment 0 or 1 mov fcr, r7 ; first part mov [r7], r7 ; second part nop ; warning: place 2 nop operations after nop ; the unlock sequence to avoid all possible ; pipeline conflicts in steak programs pop dpp2 ; restore dpp2
st10f168 18/74 5.3 - flash memory configuration the default memory configuration of the st10f168 memory is determined by the state of the ea pin at reset. this value is stored in the internal rom enable bit : romen of the syscon register. when romen = 0, the internal flash is disabled and external rom is used for startup control. flash memory can be enabled later by setting the romen bit of syscon to 1. ensure that the code which performs this setting is not running from external rom in a segment that will be replaced by flash memory, otherwise unex- pected behaviour may occur. for example, if the external rom code is located in the first 32k byte of segment 0, the first 32k byte of the flash must then be enabled in segment 1. this is done by setting the roms1 bit of syscon to 0, before or simultaneously with setting the romen bit. this must be done in the externally supplied program, before the execution of the einit instruction. if program execution starts from external memory, but the flash mem- ory mapped in segment 0 is accessed later, then the code that sets the romen bit must be exe- cuted either in segment 0 but above address 008000h, or from the internal ram. bit roms1 only affects the mapping of the first 32k byte of the flash memory. all other parts of the flash memory (addresses 018000h - 04ffffh) remain unaffected. note: the sgtdis segmentation disable / enable must also be set to 0 to enable the use of the full 256k byte of on-chip memory in addition to the external boot memory. the correct proce- dure for changing the segmentation registers must be observed to prevent an unwanted trap condition : C instructions that configure the internal memory must only be executed from external memory or from the internal ram. C an absolute inter-segment jump (jmps) instruction must be executed after flash enabling, before the next instruction, even if the next instruction is located in the consecutive address. C whenever the internal memory is disabled, ena- bled or remapped, the dpps must be explicitly (re)loaded to enable correct data accesses to the internal memory and / or external memory. 5.4 - flash protection if flash protection is active, data operands in the on-chip flash memory area can only be read by a program executed from the flash memory itself. program branches from or into the on-chip flash memory are possible in the flash protection mode. erasing and programming of the flash memory is not possible as long as protection is active. flash protection is controlled by the protection uprom programming bit (uprog). uprog is a 'hidden' one-time programmable bit only accessi- ble in a special mode which can be entered via a flash eprom programming board for example. if uprog is set to "1", flash protection is active after reset. by default flash protection is disabled (uprog=0). when flash protection is active (the default after reset if uprog bit is set), then any read access in the flash by a code executed from external or internal ram (iram or xram) will return the value 0b88bh. any call of steak w ill return the error code 01 (protected flash). normally flash protection should never be deacti- vated, once activated. if this has to be done, for example because the flash memory has to be reprogrammed with updated program / variables, a zero value has to be written at any even address in the active address space of the flash memory. this write can be done only by an instruction exe- cuted from the internal flash memory itself. for example: mov flash,zeros ; deactivate flash protection. ; flash is any even address in flash memory space. this instruction must be executed from flash memory itself. after this instruction, the flash is temporarily de-protected, thus any read access of the flash from code executed from external memory or internal rams will be correctly executed, and calls of steak can be correctly performed (program- ming, erasing or status reading). note: 1. that all steak comm ands re-activate the flash protection if bit uprog is set when completed. 5.5 - bootstrap loader mode pin p0l.4 (bsl) activates the on-chip bootstrap loader, when low during hardware reset. the bootstrap loader allows moving the start code into the internal ram of the st10f168 via the serial interface asc0. the st10f168 will remain in bootstrap loader mode until a hardware reset with p0l.4 high or a software reset occurs. the boot- straps loader acknowledge byte is d5h.
st10f168 19/74 6 - central processing unit (cpu) the cpu includes a 4-stage instruction pipeline, a 16-bit arithmetic and logic unit (alu) and dedi- cated sfrs. additional hardware has been added for a separate multiply and divide unit, a bit-mask generator and a barrel shifter. most of the st10f168s instructions can be exe- cuted in one instruction cycle which requires 62.5ns at 32mhz cpu clock. for example, shift and rotate instructions are processed in one instruction cycle independent of the number of bit to be shifted. multiple-cycle instructions have been optimized: branches are carried out in 2 cycles, 16 x 16-bit multiplication in 5 cycles and a 32/16 bit division in 10 cycles.the jump cache reduces the execution time of repeatedly per- formed jumps in a loop, from 2 cycles to 1 cycle. the cpu uses a bank of 16 word registers to run the current context. this bank of general purpose registers (gpr) is physically stored within the on-chip ram area. a context pointer (cp) regis- ter determines the base address of the active reg- ister bank to be accessed by the cpu. the number of register banks is only restricted by the available internal ram space. for easy parameter passing, one register bank may overlap others. a system stack of up to 2048 byte stores tempo- rary data. the system stack is allocated in the on-chip ram area, and it is accessed by the cpu via the stack pointer (sp) register. two separate sfrs, stkov and stkun, are implicitly com- pared against the stack pointer value on each stack access, for the detection of a stack overflow or underflow. figure 5 : cpu block diagram 32 internal ram 2k byte general purpose registers r0 r15 mdh mld barrel-shift mul./div.-hw bit-mask gen. alu 16-bit cp sp stkov stkun exec. unit instr. ptr instr. reg 4-stage pipeline psw syscon buscon 0 buscon 1 buscon 2 buscon 3 buscon 4 addrsel 1 addrsel 2 addrsel 3 addrsel 4 data pg. ptrs code seg. ptr. cpu 256k byte flash memory 16 16 bank n bank i bank 0
st10f168 20/74 6.1 - instruction set summary the table 8 lists the instructions of the st10f168. the various addressing modes, instruction opera- tion, parameters for conditional execution of instructions, opcodes and a detailed description of each instruction can be found in the st10 family programming manual. table 8 : instruction set summary mnemonic description bytes add(b) add word (byte) operands 2 / 4 addc(b) add word (byte) operands with carry 2 / 4 sub(b) subtract word (byte) operands 2 / 4 subc(b) subtract word (byte) operands with carry 2 / 4 mul(u) (un)signed multiply direct gpr by direct gpr (16 x 16-bit) 2 div(u) (un)signed divide register mdl by direct gpr (16 / 16-bit) 2 divl(u) (un)signed long divide register md by direct gpr (32 / 16-bit) 2 cpl(b) complement direct word (byte) gpr 2 neg(b) negate direct word (byte) gpr 2 and(b) bitwise and, (word / byte operands) 2 / 4 or(b) bitwise or, (word / byte operands) 2 / 4 xor(b) bitwise xor, (word / byte operands) 2 / 4 bclr clear direct bit 2 bset set direct bit 2 bmov(n) move (negated) direct bit to direct bit 4 band, bor, bxor and / or / xor direct bit with direct bit 4 bcmp compare direct bit to direct bit 4 bfldh/l bitwise modify masked high / low byte of bit-addressable direct word memory with immediate data 4 cmp(b) compare word (byte) operands 2 / 4 cmpd1/2 compare word data to gpr and decrement gpr by 1/2 2 / 4 cmpi1/2 compare word data to gpr and increment gpr by 1/2 2 / 4 prior determine number of shift cycles to normalize direct word gpr and store result in direct word gpr 2 shl/shr shift left / right direct word gpr 2 rol/ror rotate left / right direct word gpr 2 ashr arithmetic (sign bit) shift right direct word gpr 2 mov(b) move word (byte) data 2 / 4 movbs move byte operand to word operand with sign extension 2 / 4 movbz move byte operand to word operand. with zero extension 2 / 4 jmpa, jmpi, jmpr jump absolute / indirect / relative if condition is met 4 jmps jump absolute to a code segment 4 j(n)b jump relative if direct bit is (not) set 4 jbc jump relative and clear bit if direct bit is set 4
st10f168 21/74 jnbs jump relative and set bit if direct bit is not set 4 calla, calli, callr call absolute / indirect / relative subroutine if condition is met 4 calls call absolute subroutine in any code segment 4 pcall push direct word register onto system stack and call absolute subroutine 4 trap call interrupt service routine via immediate trap number 2 push, pop push / pop direct word register onto / from system stack 2 scxt push direct word register onto system stack and update register with word operand 4 ret return from intra-segment subroutine 2 rets return from inter-segment subroutine 2 retp return from intra-segment subroutine and pop direct word register from system stack 2 reti return from interrupt service subroutine 2 srst software reset 4 idle enter idle mode 4 pwrdn enter power down mode (supposes nmi -pin being low) 4 srvwdt service watchdog timer 4 diswdt disable watchdog timer 4 einit signify end-of-initialization on rstout -pin 4 atomic begin atomic sequence 2 extr begin extended register sequence 2 extp(r) begin extended page (and register) sequence 2 / 4 exts(r) begin extended segment (and register) sequence 2 / 4 nop null operation 2 table 8 : instruction set summary mnemonic description bytes
st10f168 22/74 7 - external bus controller all external memory accesses are performed by the on-chip external bus controller. the ebc can be programmed to single chip mode when no external memory is required, or to one of four dif- ferent external memory access modes : C 16 / 18 / 20 / 24-bit addresses and 16-bit data, demultiplexed. C 16 / 18 / 20 / 24-bit addresses and 16-bit data, multiplexed. C 16 / 18 / 20 / 24-bit addresses and 8-bit data, multiplexed. C 16 / 18 / 20 / 24-bit addresses and 8-bit data, demultiplexed. in demultiplexed bus modes addresses are output on port1 and data are input / output on port0 or p0l, respectively. in the multiplexed bus modes both addresses and data use port0 for input / out- put. timing characteristics of the external bus inter- face (memory cycle time, memory tri-state time, length of ale and read / write delay) are program- mable giving the choice of a wide range of memo- ries and external peripherals. up to 4 independent address windows may be defined (using register pairs addrselx / busconx) to access different resources and bus characteristics. these address windows are arranged hierarchically where buscon4 overrides buscon3 and buscon2 overrides buscon1. all accesses to locations not covered by these 4 address windows are con- trolled by buscon0. up to 5 external cs signals (4 windows plus default) can be generated in order to save external glue logic. access to very slow memories is supported by a ready function. a hold /hlda protocol is available for bus arbi- tration which shares external resources with other bus masters. the bus arbitration is enabled by setting bit hlden in register syscon. after set- ting hlden once, pins p6.7...p6.5 (breq , hlda , hold ) are automatically controlled by the ebc. in master mode (default after reset) the hlda pin is an output. by setting bit dp6.7 to1 the slave mode is selected where pin hlda is switched to input. this directly connects the slave controller to another master controller without glue logic. for applications which require less external memory space, the address space can be restricted to 1m byte, 256k byte or to 64k byte. port4 outputs all 8 address lines if an address space of 16m byte is used, otherwise four, two or no address lines. chip select timing can be programmed. by default (after reset), the csx lines change half a cpu clock cycle after the rising edge of ale. with the cscfg bit set in the syscon register the csx lines can change with the rising edge of ale. the active level of the ready pin can be set by bit rdypolx in the busconx registers. when the ready function is enabled for a specific address window, each bus cycle within the win- dow must be terminated with the active level defined by bit rdypolx in the associated bus- conx register.
st10f168 23/74 8 - interrupt system the interrupt response time for internal program execution is from 157ns to 375ns at 32mhz cpu clock. the st10f168 architecture supports several mechanisms for fast and flexible response to ser- vice requests that can be generated from various sources (internal or external) to the microcontrol- ler. any of these interrupt requests can be ser- viced by the interrupt controller or by the peripheral event controller (pec). in contrast to a standard interrupt service where the current program execution is suspended and a branch to the interrupt vector table is performed, just one cycle is stolen from the current cpu activity to perform a pec service. a pec service implies a single byte or word data transfer between any two memory locations with an additional increment of either the pec source or the destination pointer. an individual pec transfer counter is implicitly decremented for each pec service except when performing in the continuous transfer mode. when this counter reaches zero, a standard interrupt is performed to the corresponding source related vector location. pec services are very well suited to perform the transmission or the reception of blocks of data. the st10f168 has 8 pec channels, each of them offers such fast interrupt-driven data transfer capabilities. a interrupt control register which contains an interrupt request flag, an interrupt enable flag and an interrupt priority bitfield is dedicated to each existing interrupt source. thanks to its related register, each source can be programmed to one of sixteen interrupt priority levels. once starting to be processed by the cpu, an interrupt service can only be interrupted by a higher prioritized service request. for the standard interrupt processing, each of the possible interrupt sources has a dedicated vector location. fast external interrupt inputs are provided to ser- vice external interrupts with high precision requirements. these fast interrupt inputs feature programmable edge detection (rising edge, falling edge or both edges). software interrupts are sup- ported by means of the trap instruction in com- bination with an individual trap (interrupt) number. table 9 shows all the available st10f168 inter- rupt sources and the corresponding hard- ware-related interrupt flags, vectors, vector locations and trap (interrupt) numbers: table 9 : interrupt sources source of interrupt or pec service request request flag enable flag interrupt vector vector location tr ap number capcom register 0 cc0ir cc0ie cc0int 000040h 10h capcom register 1 cc1ir cc1ie cc1int 000044h 11h capcom register 2 cc2ir cc2ie cc2int 000048h 12h capcom register 3 cc3ir cc3ie cc3int 00004ch 13h capcom register 4 cc4ir cc4ie cc4int 000050h 14h capcom register 5 cc5ir cc5ie cc5int 000054h 15h capcom register 6 cc6ir cc6ie cc6int 000058h 16h capcom register 7 cc7ir cc7ie cc7int 00005ch 17h capcom register 8 cc8ir cc8ie cc8int 000060h 18h capcom register 9 cc9ir cc9ie cc9int 000064h 19h capcom register 10 cc10ir cc10ie cc10int 000068h 1ah capcom register 11 cc11ir cc11ie cc11int 00006ch 1bh capcom register 12 cc12ir cc12ie cc12int 000070h 1ch capcom register 13 cc13ir cc13ie cc13int 000074h 1dh capcom register 14 cc14ir cc14ie cc14int 000078h 1eh capcom register 15 cc15ir cc15ie cc15int 00007ch 1fh capcom register 16 cc16ir cc16ie cc16int 0000c0h 30h capcom register 17 cc17ir cc17ie cc17int 0000c4h 31h
st10f168 24/74 capcom register 18 cc18ir cc18ie cc18int 0000c8h 32h capcom register 19 cc19ir cc19ie cc19int 0000cch 33h capcom register 20 cc20ir cc20ie cc20int 0000d0h 34h capcom register 21 cc21ir cc21ie cc21int 0000d4h 35h capcom register 22 cc22ir cc22ie cc22int 0000d8h 36h capcom register 23 cc23ir cc23ie cc23int 0000dch 37h capcom register 24 cc24ir cc24ie cc24int 0000e0h 38h capcom register 25 cc25ir cc25ie cc25int 0000e4h 39h capcom register 26 cc26ir cc26ie cc26int 0000e8h 3ah capcom register 27 cc27ir cc27ie cc27int 0000ech 3bh capcom register 28 cc28ir cc28ie cc28int 0000f0h 3ch capcom register 29 cc29ir cc29ie cc29int 000110h 44h capcom register 30 cc30ir cc30ie cc30int 000114h 45h capcom register 31 cc31ir cc31ie cc31int 000118h 46h capcom timer 0 t0ir t0ie t0int 000080h 20h capcom timer 1 t1ir t1ie t1int 000084h 21h capcom timer 7 t7ir t7ie t7int 0000f4h 3dh capcom timer 8 t8ir t8ie t8int 0000f8h 3eh gpt1 timer 2 t2ir t2ie t2int 000088h 22h gpt1 timer 3 t3ir t3ie t3int 00008ch 23h gpt1 timer 4 t4ir t4ie t4int 000090h 24h gpt2 timer 5 t5ir t5ie t5int 000094h 25h gpt2 timer 6 t6ir t6ie t6int 000098h 26h gpt2 caprel register crir crie crint 00009ch 27h a/d conversion complete adcir adcie adcint 0000a0h 28h a/d overrun error adeir adeie adeint 0000a4h 29h asc0 transmitter s0tir s0tie s0tint 0000a8h 2ah asc0 transmitter buffer s0tbir s0tbie s0tbint 00011ch 47h asc0 receiver s0rir s0rie s0rint 0000ach 2bh asc0 error s0eir s0eie s0eint 0000b0h 2ch ssc transmitter sctir sctie sctint 0000b4h 2dh ssc receiver scrir scrie scrint 0000b8h 2eh ssc error sceir sceie sceint 0000bch 2fh pwm channel 0...3 pwmir pwmie pwmint 0000fch 3fh can interface xp0ir xp0ie xp0int 000100h 40h x-peripheral node xp1ir xp1ie xp1int 000104h 41h x-peripheral node xp2ir xp2ie xp2int 000108h 42h pll unlock xp3ir xp3ie xp3int 00010ch 43h table 9 : interrupt sources (continued) source of interrupt or pec service request request flag enable flag interrupt vector vector location tr ap number
st10f168 25/74 hardware traps are exceptions or error conditions that arise during run-time. they cause immediate non-maskable system reaction similar to a stan- dard interrupt service (branching to a dedicated vector table location). the occurrence of a hardware trap is additionally signified by an individual bit in the trap flag register (tfr). except when another higher prioritized trap service is in progress, a hardware trap will interrupt any other program execution. hardware trap services cannot not be interrupted by standard interrupt or by pec interrupts. table 10 shows all of the possible exceptions or error conditions that can arise during run-time : table 10 : exceptions or error conditions that can arise during run-time exception condition trap flag trap vector vector location trap number trap priority reset functions hardware reset reset 000000h 00h iii software reset reset 000000h 00h iii watchdog timer overflow reset 000000h 00h iii class a hardware traps non-maskable interrupt nmi nmitrap 000008h 02h ii stack overflow stkof stotrap 000010h 04h ii stack underflow stkuf stutrap 000018h 06h ii class b hardware traps undefined opcode undopc btrap 000028h 0ah i protected instruction fault prtflt btrap 000028h 0ah i illegal word operand access illopa btrap 000028h 0ah i illegal instruction access illina btrap 000028h 0ah i illegal external bus access illbus btrap 000028h 0ah i reserved [2ch C3ch] [0bh C 0fh] software traps trap instruction any [000000hC 0001fch] in steps of 4h any [00h C 7fh] current cpu priority
st10f168 26/74 9 - capture / compare (capcom) unit the st10f168 has two 16 channel capcom units which support generation and control of timing sequences on up to 32 channels with a maximum resolution of 320ns at 32mhz cpu clock. the capcom units are typically used to handle high speed i/o tasks such as pulse and waveform generation, pulse width modulation (pmw), digital to analog (d/a) conversion, software timing, or time recording relative to external events. four 16-bit timers (t0/t1, t7/t8) with reload registers provide two independent time bases for the capture / compare register array. the input clock for the timers is programmable to several prescaled values of the internal system clock, or may be derived from an overflow / under- flow of timer t6 in module gpt2. this provides a wide range of variation for the timer period and resolution and allows precise adjustments to application specific requirements. in addition, external count inputs for capcom timers t0 and t7 allow event scheduling for the capture / compare registers relative to external events. each of the two capture / compare register arrays contain 16 dual purpose capture / compare regis- ters, each of which may be individually allocated to either capcom timer t0 or t1 (t7 or t8, respectively), and programmed for capture or compare functions. each register has one associated port pin which serves as an input pin for triggering the capture function, or as an output pin (except for cc24...cc27) to indicate the occurrence of a compare event. when a capture / compare register has been selected for capture mode, the current contents of the allocated timer will be latched (captured) into the dedicated capture / compare register in response to an external event at the corresponding port pin which is associated with this register. in addition, a specific interrupt request for this capture / compare register is generated. either a positive, a negative, or both a positive and a negative external signal transition at the pin can be selected as the triggering event. the contents of all the registers which have been selected for one of the five compare modes are continuously compared with the contents of the allocated timers. when a match occurs between the timer value and the value in a capture / compare register, spe- cific actions will be taken based on the selected compare mode. the input frequencies f tx , for the timer input selector txl, are determined as a function of the cpu clock. the timer input frequencies, the reso- lution and the periods which result from the selected pre-scaler option in txi when using a 25mhz cpu clock are listed in the table 12. the numbers of the timer periods are based on a reload value of 0000h. note that some numbers are rounded to 3 significant figures. table 11 : compare modes compare modes function mode 0 interrupt-only compare mode ; several compare interrupts per timer period are possible. mode 1 pin toggles on each compare match ; several compare events per timer period are possible. mode 2 interrupt-only compare mode ; only one compare interrupt per timer period is generated. mode 3 pin set 1 on match; pin reset 0 on compare time overflow ; only one compare event per timer period is generated. double register mode two registers operate on one pin; pin toggles on each compare match ; several compare events per timer period are possible.
st10f168 27/74 table 12 : capcom timer input frequencies, resolution and periods note: 1. input only. f cpu = 25mhz timer input selection txi 000b 001b 010b 011b 100b 101b 110b 111b f cpu pre-scaler 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 input frequency 3.125mhz 1.56mhz 781khz 391khz 195khz 97.7khz 48.8khz 24.4khz resolution 320ns 640ns 1.28s 2.56s 5.12s 10.24s 20.48s 40.96s period 21.0ms 41.9ms 83.9ms 167ms 336ms 671ms 1.34s 2.68s table 13 : capcom channels pin assignement capcom unit channel0123456789101112131415 capcom1 i/o cc0 cc1 cc2 cc3 cc4 cc5 cc6 cc7 cc8 1 cc9 1 cc10 1 cc11 1 cc12 cc13 cc14 cc15 port 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 pin number 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 capcom2 i/o cc16 cc17 cc18 cc19 cc20 cc21 cc22 cc23 cc24 cc25 cc26 cc27 cc28 cc29 cc30 cc31 port 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 1h.4 1h.5 1h.6 1h.7 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 pin number 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 132 133 134 135 23 24 25 26
st10f168 28/74 10 - general purpose timer unit the gpt unit is a flexible multifunctional timer / counter structure which is used for time related tasks such as event timing and counting, pulse width and duty cycle measurements, pulse generation, or pulse multiplication. the gpt unit contains five 16-bit timers organized into two separate modules gpt1 and gpt2. each timer in each module may operate independently in several different modes, or may be concatenated with another timer of the same module. 10.1 - gpt1 each of the three timers t2, t3, t4 of the gpt1 module can be configured individually for one of four basic modes of operation: timer , gated timer , counter mode and incremental interface mode . in timer mode, the input clock for a timer is derived from the cpu clock, divided by a pro- grammable prescaler. in counter mode, the timer is clocked in reference to external events. pulse width or duty cycle measurement is supported in gated timer mode where the operation of a timer is con- trolled by the gate level on an external input pin. for these purposes, each timer has one associated port pin (txin) which serves as gate or clock input. table 14 lists the timer input frequencies, resolu- tion and periods for each pre-scaler option at 25mhz cpu clock. this also applies to the gated timer mode of t3 and to the auxiliary timers t2 and t4 in timer and gated timer mode. the count direction (up / down) for each timer is programmable by software or may be altered dynamically by an external signal on a port pin (txeud). in incremental interface mode, the gpt1 timers (t2, t3, t4) can be connected directly to the incremental position sensor signals a and b by their respective inputs txin and txeud. direction and count signals are internally derived from these two input signals so that the contents of the respective timer tx corresponds to the sensor position. the third position sensor signal top0 can be connected to an interrupt input. timer t3 has output toggle latches (txotl) which changes state on each timer over-flow / under- flow. the state of this latch may be output on port pins (txout) e. g. for time out monitoring of external hardware components, or may be used internally to clock timers t2 and t4 for high reso- lution of long duration measurements. in addition to their basic operating modes, timers t2 and t4 may be configured as reload or capture registers for timer t3. when used as capture or reload registers, timers t2 and t4 are stopped. the contents of timer t3 is captured into t2 or t4 in response to a signal at their associated input pins (txin). timer t3 is reloaded with the contents of t2 or t4 triggered either by an external signal or by a selectable state transition of its toggle latch t3otl. when both t2 and t4 are configured to alternately reload t3 on opposite state transitions of t3otl with the low and high times of a pwm signal, this signal can be constantly generated without software intervention. 10.2 - gpt2 the gpt2 module provides precise event control and time measurement. it includes two timers (t5, t6) and a capture / reload register (caprel). both timers can be clocked with an input clock which is derived from the cpu clock via a pro- grammable prescaler or with external signals. the count direction (up / down) for each timer is pro- grammable by software or may additionally be altered dynamically by an external signal on a port pin (txeud). concatenation of the timers is sup- ported via the output toggle latch (t6otl) of timer t6 which changes its state on each timer overflow / underflow. table 14 : gpt1 timer input frequencies, resolution and periods f cpu = 25mhz timer input selection t2i / t3i / t4i 000b 001b 010b 011b 100b 101b 110b 111b pre-scaler factor 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 input frequency 3.125mhz 1.563mhz 781.3mhz 390khz 195.3khz 97.66khz 48.83khz 24.41khz resolution 320ns 640ns 1.28s 2.56s 5.12s 10.24s 20.48s 40.96s period 21.0ms 41.9ms 83.9ms 167ms 336ms 671ms 1.34s 2.68s
st10f168 29/74 the state of this latch may be used to clock timer t5, or it may be output on a port pin (t6out). the overflows / underflows of timer t6 can also be used to clock the capcom timers t0 or t1, and to cause a reload from the caprel register. the caprel register can capture the contents of t5 from an external signal transition on the corresponding port pin (capin), and t5 may be optionally cleared after the capture procedure. this allows absolute time differences to be measured or pulse multiplication to be performed without software overhead. the capture trigger (timer t5 to caprel) may also be generated on transitions of gpt1 timer t3 inputs t3in and / or t3eud. this is useful when t3 operates in incremental interface mode. table 15 gpt2 timer input frequencies, resolution and periods lists the timer input frequencies, reso- lution and periods for each pre-scaler option at 25mhz cpu clock. this also applies to the gated timer mode of t6 and to the auxiliary timer t5 in timer and gated timer mode. table 15 : gpt2 timer input frequencies, resolution and periods f cpu = 25mhz timer input selection t5i / t6i 000b 001b 010b 011b 100b 101b 110b 111b pre-scaler factor 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 input frequency 6.25mhz 3.125mhz 1.563mhz 781.3khz 390khz 195.3khz 97.66khz 48.83khz resolution 160ns 320ns 640ns 1.28s 2.56s 5.12s 10.24s 20.48s period 10.49ms 21.0ms 41.9ms 83.9ms 167ms 336ms 671ms 1.34s figure 6 : block diagram of gpt1 2 n n=3...10 2 n n=3...10 2 n n=3...10 t2eud t2in cpu clock cpu clock cpu clock t3eud t4in t3in t4eud t2 mode control t3 mode control t4 mode control gpt1 timer t2 gpt1 timer t3 gpt1 timer t4 t3otl reload capture u/d u/d reload capture interrupt request interrupt request interrupt request t3out u/d
st10f168 30/74 figure 7 : block diagram of gpt2 2n n=2...9 2n n=2...9 t5eud t5in cpu clock cpu clock t6in t6eud t5 mode control t6 mode control gpt2 timer t5 gpt2 timer t6 u/d interrupt request u/d t60tl toggle ff t6out capin reload interrupt request to capcom timers capture clear interrupt request gpt2 caprel
st10f168 31/74 11 - pwm module the pulse width modulation module can generate up to four pwm output signals using edge-aligned or centre-aligned pwm. in addition, the pwm module can generate pwm burst signals and sin- gle shot outputs. the table 16 shows the pwm frequencies for different resolutions. the level of the output signals is selectable and the pwm module can generate interrupt requests. table 16 : pwm unit frequencies and resolution at 25mhz cpu clock mode 0 resolution 8-bit 10-bit 12-bit 14-bit 16-bit cpu clock / 1 40ns 97.66khz 24.41khz 6.104khz 1.526khz 0.381hz cpu clock / 64 2.56 m s 1.526khz 381.5hz 95.37hz 23.84hz 5.96hz mode 1 resolution 8-bit 10-bit 12-bit 14-bit 16-bit cpu clock / 1 40ns 48.82khz 12.20khz 3.05khz 762.9hz 190.7hz cpu clock / 64 2.56 m s 762.9hz 190.7hz 47.68hz 11.92hz 2.98hz figure 8 : pwm module block diagram ppx period register comparator ptx 16-bit up/down counter shadow register pwx pulse width register input run control clock 1 clock 2 comparator * * * up/down/ clear control match output control match write control * user readable & writeable register enable poutx
st10f168 32/74 12 - parallel ports the st10f168 provides up to 111 i/o lines organized into eight input / output ports and one input port. all port lines are bit-addressable, and all input / output lines are individually (bit-wise) programmable as input or output via direction registers. the i/o ports are true bidirectional ports which are switched to high impedance state when configured as inputs. the output drivers of five i/o ports can be configured (pin by pin) for push-pull operation or open-drain operation via control registers. during the internal reset, all port pins are configured as inputs. the input threshold of port 2, port 3, port 7 and port 8 is selectable (ttl or cmos-like), where the special cmos-like input threshold reduces noise sensitivity to the input hysteresis. the input thresholds are selected with bit of picon register dedicated to blocks of 8 input pins (2-bit for port2, 2-bit for port3, 1-bit for port7, 1-bit for port8). all pins of i/o ports also support an alternate pro- grammable function: C port0 and port1 may be used as address and data lines when accessing external memory. C port 2, port 7 and port 8 are associated with the capture inputs or with the compare outputs of the capcom units and / or with the outputs of the pwm module. C port 3 includes the alternate functions of timers, serial interfaces, the optional bus control signal bhe and the system clock output (clkout). C port 4 outputs the additional segment address bit a16 to a23 in systems where segmentation is enabled to access more than 64k byte of memory. C port 5 is used as analog input channels of the a/d converter or as timer control signals. C port 6 provides optional bus arbitration signals (breq , hlda , hold ) and chip select signals. all port lines that are not used for alternate func- tions may be used as general purpose i/o lines.
st10f168 33/74 13 - a/d converter a10-bit a/d converter with 16 multiplexed input channels and a sample and hold circuit is integrated on-chip. the sample time (for loading the capacitors) and the conversion time is programmable and can be adjusted to the external circuitry. overrun error detection / protection is controlled by the addat register. either an interrupt request is generated when the result of a previous conversion has not been read from the result register at the time the next conversion is complete, or the next conversion is suspended until the previous result has been read. for applications which require less than 16 analog input channels, the remaining chan- nel inputs can be used as digital input port pins. the a/d converter of the st10f168 supports dif- ferent conversion modes : C single channel single conversion : the analog level of the selected channel is sampled once and converted. the result of the conversion is stored in the addat register. C single channel continuous conversion : the analog level of the selected channel is repeatedly sampled and converted. the result of the conver- sion is stored in the addat register. C auto scan single conversion : the analog level of the selected channels are sampled once and converted. after each conversion the result is stored in the addat register. the data can be transfered to the ram by interrupt software management or using the powerfull peripheral event controller data transfert. C auto scan continuous conversion : the ana- log level of the selected channels are repeatedly sampled and converted. the result of the con- version is stored in the addat register. the data can be transfered to the ram by interrupt software management or using the powerfull peripheral event controller data transfert. C wait for addat read mode : when using con- tinuous modes, in order to avoid to overwrite the result of the current conversion by the next one, the adwr bit of adcon control register must be activated. then, until the addat regis- ter is read, the new result is stored in a tempo- rary buffer and the conversion is on hold. C channel injection mode : when using continuous modes, a selected channel can be converted in between without changing the current operating mode. the 10 bit data of the conversion are stored in adres field of addat2. the current continuous mode remains active after the single conversion is completed. the table 17 adc sample clock and conversion clock shows conversion clock and sample clock of the adc unit. a complete conversion will take 14t cc + 2t sc + 4tcl. this time includes the con- version it self, the sampling time and the time required to transfer the digital value to the result register. for example at 25mhz of cpu clock, the minimum complete conversion time is 7.76 m s. the a/d converter provides automatic offset and linearity self calibration. the calibration operation is performed in two ways : C a full calibration sequence is performed after a reset and lasts 1.25ms minimum (at 25mhz cpu clock). during this time, the adbsy flag is set to indicate the operation. normal conversion can be performed during this time. the duration of the calibration sequence is then extended by the time consumed by the conversions. note : after a power-on reset, the total unadjusted error (tue) of the adc might be worse than 2lsb (max. 4lsb). during the full calibration sequence, the tue is constantly improved until at the end of the cycle, tue is within the specified limits of 2lsb. C one calibration cycle is performed after each conversion : each calibration cycle takes 4 adc clock cycles. these operation cycles ensure constant updating of the adc accuracy, com- pensating changing operating conditions. notes: 1. see section 20.5.5 - direct drive on page 55. 2. t cc = tcl x 24. table 17 : adc sample clock and conversion clock adctc conversion clock t cc adstc sample clock t sc tcl 1 = 1/2 x f xtal at f cpu = 25mhz t sc = at f cpu = 25mhz 00 tcl x 24 0.48 m s00 t cc 0.48 m s 2 01 reserved, do not use reserved 01 t cc x 2 0.96 m s 2 10 tcl x 96 1.92 m s10t cc x 4 1.92 m s 2 11 tcl x 48 0.96 m s11t cc x 8 3.84 m s 2
st10f168 34/74 14 - serial channels serial communication with other microcontrollers, processors, terminals or external peripheral com- ponents is provided by two serial interfaces: the asynchronous / synchronous serial channel (asc0) and the high-speed synchronous serial channel (ssc). two dedicated baud rate generators set up all standard baud rates without the requirement of oscillator tuning. for transmission, reception and erroneous reception, 3 separate interrupt vectors are provided for each serial channel. asc0 asc0 supports full-duplex asynchronous commu- nication at up to 781.25k baud and half-duplex synchronous communication up to 5m baud at 25mhz system clock. for asynchronous operation, the baud rate gener- ator provides a clock with 16 times the rate of the established baud rate. table 18 lists various commonly used baud rates together with the required reload values and the deviation errors compared to the intended baud rate. for synchronous operation, the baud rate genera- tor provides a clock with 4 times the rate of the established baud rate. table 18 : commonly used baud rates by reload value and deviation errors s0brs = 0, f cpu = 25mhz s0brs = 1, f cpu = 25mhz baud rate (baud) deviation error reload value baud rate (baud) deviation error reload value 781 250 0.0% 0000h 520 833 0.0% 0000h 56 000 +7.3% / -0.4% 000ch / 000dh 56 000 +3.3% / -7.0% 0008h / 0009h 38 400 +1.7% / -3.1% 0013h / 0014h 38 400 +4.3% / -3.1% 000ch / 000dh 19 200 +1.7% / -0.8% 0027h / 0028h 19 200 +0.5% / -3.1% 001ah / 001bh 9 600 +0.5% / -0.8% 0050h/ 0051h 9 600 +0.5% / -1.4% 0035h / 0036h 4 800 +0.5% / -0.1% 00a1h / 00a2h 4 800 +0.5% / -0.5% 006bh / 006ch 2 400 +0.2% / -0.1% 0144h / 0145h 2 400 +0.0% / -0.5% 00d8h / 00d9h 1 200 +0.0% / -0.1% 028ah / 028bh 1 200 +0.0% / -0.2% 01b1h / 01b2h 600 +0.0% / -0.1% 0515h / 0516h 600 +0.0% / -0.1% 0363h / 0364h 95 +0.4% 1fffh / 1fffh 75 +0.0% / -0.0% 1b1fh / 1b20h 63 +0.9% 1fffh / 1fffh
st10f168 35/74 high speed synchronous serial channel (ssc) the high-speed synchronous serial interface ssc provides flexible high-speed serial communi- cation between the st10f168 and other microcon- trollers, microprocessors or external peripherals. the ssc supports full-duplex and half-duplex syn- chronous communication; the serial clock signal can be generated by the ssc itself (master mode) or be received from an external master (slave mode). data width, shift direction, clock polarity and phase are programmable. this allows communication with spi-compatible devices. transmission and reception of data is double-buffered. a 16-bit baud rate generator pro- vides the ssc with a separate serial clock signal. the serial channel ssc has its own dedicated 16-bit baud rate generator with 16-bit reload capability, allowing baud rate generation indepen- dent from the timers. sscbr is the dual-function baud rate generator / reload register. table 19 lists some possible baud rates against the required reload values and the resulting bit times for a 25mhz cpu clock. note: the deviation errors given in the table 18 are rounded. to avoid deviation errors use a baud rate crystal (providing a multiple of the asc0/ssc sampling frequency). table 19 : synchronous baud rate and reload values baud rate bit time reload value reserved use a reload value > 0. --- 0000h 5m baud 200ns 0001h 3.3m baud 303ns 0002h 2.5m baud 400ns 0004h 2m baud 500ns 0005h 1m baud 1 m s 000bh 100k baud 10 m s 007ch 10k baud 100 m s 04e1h 1k baud 1ms 30d3h 190.7 baud 5.2ms ffffh
st10f168 36/74 15 - can module the integrated can module completely handles the autonomous transmission and the reception of can frames according to the can specification v2.0 part b (active). the on-chip can module can receive and transmit standard frames with 11-bit identifiers as well as extended frames with 29-bit identifiers. the can module provides full can functionality on up to 15 message objects. message object 15 can be configured for basic can functionality. both modes provide separate masks for accep- tance filtering, allowing a number of identifiers in full can mode to be accepted and disregarding a number of identifiers in basic can mode. all mes- sage objects can be updated independently from other objects and are equipped for the maximum message length of 8 bytes. the bit timing is derived from the xclk and is pro- grammable up to a data rate of 1m baud. the can module uses two pins to interface to a bus transceiver. 16 - watchdog timer the watchdog timer is a fail-safe mechanism which prevents the microcontroller from malfunc- tioning for long periods of time. the watchdog timer is always enabled after a reset of the chip and can only be disabled in the time interval until the einit (end of initialization) instruction has been executed. therefore, the chip start-up procedure is always monitored. the software must be designed to ser- vice the watchdog timer before it overflows. if, due to hardware or software related failures, the soft- ware fails to do so, the watchdog timer overflows and generates an internal hardware reset. it pulls the rstout pin low in order to allow external hardware components to be reset. the watchdog timer is 16-bit, clocked with the system clock divided by 2 or 128. the high byte of the watchdog timer register can be set to a pre-specified reload value (stored in wdtrel). each time it is serviced by the application soft- ware, the high byte of the watchdog timer is reloaded. for security, rewrite wdtcon each time before the watchdog timer is serviced. table 20 shows the watchdog time range for 25mhz cpu clock. table 20 : watchdog time range (25mhz clock) reload value in wdtrel prescaler for f cpu 2 (wdtin = 0) 128 (wdtin = 1) ffh 20.48 m s 1.31ms 00h 5.24ms 336ms
st10f168 37/74 17 - system reset system reset initializes the mcu in a predefined state. there are five ways to activate a reset state. the system start-up configuration is different for each case as shown in table 21. 17.1 - asynchronous reset (long hardware reset) an asynchronous reset is triggered when rstin pin is pulled low while v pp pin is at low level. then the mcu is immediately forced in reset default state. it pulls low rstout pin, it cancels pending internal hold states if any, it waits for any internal access cycles to finish, it aborts external bus cycle, it switches buses (data, address and control sig- nals) and i/o pin drivers to high-impedance, it pulls high port0 pins and the reset sequence starts. power-on reset the asynchronous reset must be used during the power-on of the mcu. depending on crystal fre- quency, the on-chip oscillator needs about 10ms to 50ms to stabilize. the logic of the mcu does not need a stabilized clock signal to detect an asynchronous reset, so it is suitable for power-on conditions. to ensure a proper reset sequence, the rstin pin and the v pp pin must be held at low level until the mcu clock signal is stabilized and the system configuration value on port0 is settled. hardware reset the asynchronous reset must be used to recover from catastrophic situations of the application. it may be triggerred by the hardware of the applica- tion. internal hardware logic and application cir- cuitry are described in reset circuitry chapter and figures 12, 13 and 14. exit of asynchrounous reset state when the rstin pin is pulled high, the mcu restarts. the system configuration is latched from port0 and ale, rd and r/w pins are driven to their inactive level. the mcu starts program execution from memory location 00'0000h in code segment 0. this starting location will typically point to the gen- eral initialization routine. timing of asynchronous reset sequence are summarized in figure 9. note: 1. rstin rising edge to internal latch of port0 is 3cpu clock cycles (6 tcl) if the pll is bypassed and the prescaler is on (f cpu =f xtal / 2), else it is 4 cpu clock cycles (8 tcl). table 21 : reset event definition reset source short-cut conditions power-on reset ponr power-on long hardware reset (synchronous & asynchronous) lhwr t rstin > 1032 tcl short hardware reset (synchronous reset) shwr 4 tcl < t rstin < 1032 tcl watchdog timer reset wdtr wdt overflow software reset swr srst execution figure 9 : asynchronous reset timing 6 or 8 tcl 1 cpu clock rstin asynchronous reset condition v pp rstout ale port0 reset configuration inst #1 internal reset signal latching point of port0 for system start-up configuration
st10f168 38/74 17.2 - synchronous reset (warm reset) a synchronous reset is triggered when rstin pin is pulled low while v pp pin is at high level. in order to properly activate the internal reset logic of the mcu, the rstin pin must be held low, at least, during 4 tcl (2 periods of cpu clock). the i/o pins are set to high impedance and rstout pin is driven low. after rstin level is detected, a short duration of 12 tcl (approximately 6 periods of cpu clock) elapes, during which pending internal hold states are cancelled and the current internal access cycle if any is completed. external bus cycle is aborted. the internal pulldown of rstin pin is activated if bit bdrsten of syscon reg- ister was previously set by software. this bit is always cleared on power-on or after a reset sequence. exit of synchrounous reset state the internal reset sequence starts for 1024 tcl (512 periods of cpu clock) and rstin pin level is sampled. the reset sequence is extended until rstin level becomes high. then, the mcu restarts. the system configuration is latched from port0 and ale, rd and r/w pins are driven to their inactive level. the mcu starts program exe- cution from memory location 00'0000h in code segment 0. this starting location will typically point to the general initialization routine. timing of synchronous reset sequence are summarized in figure 10 and 11. notes: 1. rstin assertion can be released there. 2. if during the reset condition (rstin low), vpp voltage drops below the threshold voltage (about 2.5v for 5v operation), the asynchronous reset is then immediately entered. 3. rstin rising edge to internal latch of port0 is 3cpu clock cycles (6 tcl) if the pll is bypassed and the prescaler is on (f cpu =f xtal / 2) , else it is 4 cpu clock cycles (8 tcl). 4) rstin pin is pulled low if bit bdrsten (bit 5 of suscon register) was previously set by software. bit bdrsten is cleared after reset. figure 10 : synchronous warm reset: short low pulse on rstin cpu clock rstin v pp rstout ale port0 inst #1 internal reset signal latching point of port0 for system start-up configuration 6 or 8 tcl 3 4 tcl 12 tcl min. max. 1024 tcl 1 internally pulled low 4 reset configuration 2 v pp > 2.5v asynchronous reset not entered. 200 m a discharge
st10f168 39/74 figure 11 : synchronous warm reset: long low pulse on rstin notes: 1. rstin rising edge to internal latch of port0 is 3cpu clock cycles (6 tcl) if the pll is bypassed and the prescaler is on (f cpu = f xtal / 2), else it is 4 cpu clock cycles (8 tcl). 2. if during the reset condition (rstin low), vpp voltage drops below the threshold voltage (about 2.5v for 5v operation), the asynchronous reset is then immediately entered. 3. rstin pin is pulled low if bit bdrsten (bit 5 of syscon register) was previously set by soft-ware. bit bdrsten is cleared after reset. 17.3 - software reset a software reset sequence can be triggered at any time by the protected srst (software reset) instruction. this instruction can be deliberately executed within a program, e.g. to leave bootstrap loader mode, or on a hardware trap that reveals system failure. on execution of the srst instruction, the internal reset sequence is started. the microcontroller behaviour is the same as for a synchronous reset, except that only bit p0.12...p0.8 are latched at the end of the reset sequence, while previously latched, bit p0.7...p0.2 are cleared. 17.4 - watchdog timer reset when the watchdog timer is not disabled during the initialization, or serviced regularly during pro- gram execution, it will overflow and trigger the reset sequence. unlike hardware and software resets, the watch- dog reset completes a running external bus cycle if this bus cycle either does not use ready , or if ready is sampled active (low) after the pro- grammed wait states. when ready is sampled inactive (high) after the programmed wait states the running external bus cycle is aborted. then the internal reset sequence is started. bit p0.12...p0.8 are latched at the end of the reset sequence and bit p0.7...p0.2 are cleared. 17.5 - reset circuitry internal reset circuitry is described in figure 13. the rstin pin provides an internal pullup resistor of 50k w to 250k w (the minimum reset time must be calculated using the lowest value). it also pro- vides a programmable (bdrsten bit of syscon register) pulldown to output internal reset state signal (synchronous reset, watchdog timer reset or software reset). this bidirectional reset function is useful in appli- cations where external devices require a reset sig- nal but cannot be connected to rstout pin. this is the case of an external memory running codes before einit ( end of initialization) instruc- tion is executed. rstout pin is pulled high only when einit is executed. the v pp pin provides an internal weak pulldown resistor which discharges external capacitor at a typical rate of 200 m a. if bit pwdcfg of syscon register is set, an internal pullup resistor is acti- vated at the end of the reset sequence. this pul- lup will charge any capacitor connected on v pp pin. cpu clock rstin v pp rstout ale port0 internal reset signal latching point of port0 for system start-up configuration 6 or 8 tcl 1 4 tcl 12 tcl 1024 tcl internally pulled low 3 reset configuration 2 v pp > 2.5v asynchronous reset not entered. 200 m a discharge
st10f168 40/74 the simplest way to reset the st10f168 is to insert a capacitor c1 between rstin pin and v ss , and a capacitor between v pp pin and v ss (c0) with a pullup resistor r0 between v pp pin and v cc . the input rstin provides an internal pullup device equalling a resistor of 50k w to 150k w (the minimum reset time must be determined by the lowest value). select c1 that produce a sufficient discharge time to permit the internal or external oscillator and / or internal pll to stabilize. to insure correct power-up reset with controlled supply current consumption, specially if clock sig- nal requires a long period of time to stabilized, an asynchronous hardware reset is required during power-up. it is recommended to connect the exter- nal r0c0 circuit shown in figure 12 to the v pp pin. on power-up, the logical low level on v pp pin forces an asynchronous harware reset when rstin is asserted. the external pullup r0 will then charge the capac- itor c0. note that an internal pulldown device on v pp pin is turned on when rstin pin is low, and causes the external capacitor (c0) to begin dis- charging at a typical rate of 100 m a to 200 m a. with this mechanism, after power-up reset, short low pulses applied on rstin produce synchronous hardware reset. if rstin is asserted longer than the time needed for c0 to be discharged by the internal pulldown device, then the device is forced in an asynchronous reset. this mechanism insures recovery from very catastrophic failure. figure 12 : minimum external reset circuitry rstout v pp rstin c1 a) hardware v cc + c0 r0 st10f168 b) for power-up (and interruptible power-down external hardware reset mode) reset + figure 13 : internal (simplified) reset circuitry rstout einit instruction trigger clr clock reset state machine internal reset signal reset sequence (512 cpu clock cycles) srst instruction watchdog overflow rstin v cc bdrsten v cc v pp (flash device) v pp weak pulldown (~200 m a) from/to exit powerdown circuit asynchronous reset clr q set
st10f168 41/74 the minimum reset circuit of figure 14 is not ade- quate when the rstin pin is driven from the st10f168 itself during software or watchdog trig- gered resets, because of the capacitor c1 that will keep the voltage on rstin pin above v il after the end of the internal reset sequence, and thus will triggered an asynchronous reset sequence. figure 14 shows an example of a reset circuit. in this example, r1c1 external circuit is only used to generate power-up or manual reset, and r0c0 circuit on v pp is used for power-up reset and to exit from powerdown mode. diode d1 creates a wired-or gate connection to the reset pin and may be replaced by open-collector schmitt trigger buffer. diode d2 provides a faster cycle time for repetitive power-on resets. r2 is an optional pullup for faster recovery and correct biasing of ttl open collector drivers. figure 14 : system reset circuit rstout v pp rstin v cc + c0 r0 st10f168 external hardware v cc r2 + c1 r1 d2 d1 o.d. external reset source open drain inverter v cc
st10f168 42/74 18 - power reduction modes two different power reduction modes with different levels of power reduction can be entered under software control. in idle mode the cpu is stopped, while the peripherals continue their operation. idle mode can be terminated by any reset or interrupt request. in power down mode both the cpu and the peripherals are stopped. power down mode can be configured by software in order to be termi- nated only by a hardware reset or by an external interrupt source on fast external interrupt pins. there are two different operating power down modes: C protected power down mode: selected by set- ting bit pwdcfg in the syscon register to 0. this mode can be used in conjunction with an external power failure signal which pulls the nmi pin low when a power failure is imminent. the microcontroller enters the nmi trap routine and saves the internal state into ram. the trap rou- tine then sets a flag or writes a bit pattern into specific ram locations, and executes the pwrdn instruction. if the nmi pin is still low at this time, power down mode will be entered, if not program execution continues. during power down the voltage at the v cc pins can be lowered to 2.5 v and the contents of the internal ram will still be preserved. C interruptible power down mode: this mode is selected by setting bit pwdcfg in the syscon register. the cpu and peripheral clocks are frozen, and the oscillator and pll are stopped. to exit power down mode with an ex- ternal interrupt, an exxin (x = 7...0) pin has to be asserted for at least 40ns. this signal ena- bles the internal oscillator and pll circuitry, and turns on the weak pulldown. if the interrupt was enabled before entering power down mode, the device executes the interrupt service routine, and then resumes execution after the pwrdn instruction. if the interrupt was disabled, the de- vice executes the instruction following pwrdn instruction, and the interrupt request flag re- mains set until it is cleared by software. all external bus actions are completed before idle or power down mode is entered. however, idle or power down mode is not entered if ready is enabled, but has not been activated (driven low for negative polarity, or driven high for positive polar- ity) during the last bus access.
st10f168 43/74 19 - special function register overview table 22 lists all sfrs which are implemented in the st10f168 in alphabetical order. bit-addressable sfrs are marked with the letter b in column name. sfrs within the extended sfr-space (esfrs) are marked with the letter e in column physical address. an sfr can be specified by its individual mnemonic name. depending on the selected addressing mode, an sfr can be accessed via its physical address (using the data page pointers), or via its short 8-bit address (without using the data page pointers). table 22 : special function registers listed by name name physical address 8-bit address description reset value adcic b ff98h cch a/d converter end of conversion interrupt control register 0000h adcon b ffa0h d0h a/d converter control register 0000h addat fea0h 50h a/d converter result register 0000h addat2 f0a0h e 50h a/d converter 2 result register 0000h addrsel1 fe18h 0ch address select register 1 0000h addrsel2 fe1ah 0dh address select register 2 0000h addrsel3 fe1ch 0eh address select register 3 0000h addrsel4 fe1eh 0fh address select register 4 0000h adeic b ff9ah cdh a/d converter overrun error interrupt control register 0000h buscon0 b ff0ch 86h bus configuration register 0 0xx0h buscon1 b ff14h 8ah bus configuration register 1 0000h buscon2 b ff16h 8bh bus configuration register 2 0000h buscon3 b ff18h 8ch bus configuration register 3 0000h buscon4 b ff1ah 8dh bus configuration register 4 0000h caprel fe4ah 25h gpt2 capture / reload register 0000h cc0 fe80h 40h capcom register 0 0000h cc0ic b ff78h bch capcom register 0 interrupt control register 0000h cc1 fe82h 41h capcom register 1 0000h cc1ic b ff7ah bdh capcom register 1 interrupt control register 0000h cc2 fe84h 42h capcom register 2 0000h cc2ic b ff7ch beh capcom register 2 interrupt control register 0000h cc3 fe86h 43h capcom register 3 0000h cc3ic b ff7eh bfh capcom register 3 interrupt control register 0000h cc4 fe88h 44h capcom register 4 0000h cc4ic b ff80h c0h capcom register 4 interrupt control register 0000h cc5 fe8ah 45h capcom register 5 0000h cc5ic b ff82h c1h capcom register 5 interrupt control register 0000h cc6 fe8ch 46h capcom register 6 0000h cc6ic b ff84h c2h capcom register 6 interrupt control register 0000h cc7 fe8eh 47h capcom register 7 0000h cc7ic b ff86h c3h capcom register 7 interrupt control register 0000h cc8 fe90h 48h capcom register 8 0000h cc8ic b ff88h c4h capcom register 8 interrupt control register 0000h cc9 fe92h 49h capcom register 9 0000h
st10f168 44/74 cc9ic b ff8ah c5h capcom register 9 interrupt control register 0000h cc10 fe94h 4ah capcom register 10 0000h cc10ic b ff8ch c6h capcom register 10 interrupt control register 0000h cc11 fe96h 4bh capcom register 11 0000h cc11ic b ff8eh c7h capcom register 11 interrupt control register 0000h cc12 fe98h 4ch capcom register 12 0000h cc12ic b ff90h c8h capcom register 12 interrupt control register 0000h cc13 fe9ah 4dh capcom register 13 0000h cc13ic b ff92h c9h capcom register 13 interrupt control register 0000h cc14 fe9ch 4eh capcom register 14 0000h cc14ic b ff94h cah capcom register 14 interrupt control register 0000h cc15 fe9eh 4fh capcom register 15 0000h cc15ic b ff96h cbh capcom register 15 interrupt control register 0000h cc16 fe60h 30h capcom register 16 0000h cc16ic b f160h e b0h capcom register 16 interrupt control register 0000h cc17 fe62h 31h capcom register 17 0000h cc17ic b f162h e b1h capcom register 17 interrupt control register 0000h cc18 fe64h 32h capcom register 18 0000h cc18ic b f164h e b2h capcom register 18 interrupt control register 0000h cc19 fe66h 33h capcom register 19 0000h cc19ic b f166h e b3h capcom register 19 interrupt control register 0000h cc20 fe68h 34h capcom register 20 0000h cc20ic b f168h e b4h capcom register 20 interrupt control register 0000h cc21 fe6ah 35h capcom register 21 0000h cc21ic b f16ah e b5h capcom register 21 interrupt control register 0000h cc22 fe6ch 36h capcom register 22 0000h cc22ic b f16ch e b6h capcom register 22 interrupt control register 0000h cc23 fe6eh 37h capcom register 23 0000h cc23ic b f16eh e b7h capcom register 23 interrupt control register 0000h cc24 fe70h 38h capcom register 24 0000h cc24ic b f170h e b8h capcom register 24 interrupt control register 0000h cc25 fe72h 39h capcom register 25 0000h cc25ic b f172h e b9h capcom register 25 interrupt control register 0000h cc26 fe74h 3ah capcom register 26 0000h cc26ic b f174h e bah capcom register 26 interrupt control register 0000h cc27 fe76h 3bh capcom register 27 0000h cc27ic b f176h e bbh capcom register 27 interrupt control register 0000h cc28 fe78h 3ch capcom register 28 0000h cc28ic b f178h e bch capcom register 28 interrupt control register 0000h cc29 fe7ah 3dh capcom register 29 0000h table 22 : special function registers listed by name name physical address 8-bit address description reset value
st10f168 45/74 cc29ic b f184h e c2h capcom register 29 interrupt control register 0000h cc30 fe7ch 3eh capcom register 30 0000h cc30ic b f18ch e c6h capcom register 30 interrupt control register 0000h cc31 fe7eh 3fh capcom register 31 0000h cc31ic b f194h e cah capcom register 31 interrupt control register 0000h ccm0 b ff52h a9h capcom mode control register 0 0000h ccm1 b ff54h aah capcom mode control register 1 0000h ccm2 b ff56h abh capcom mode control register 2 0000h ccm3 b ff58h ach capcom mode control register 3 0000h ccm4 b ff22h 91h capcom mode control register 4 0000h ccm5 b ff24h 92h capcom mode control register 5 0000h ccm6 b ff26h 93h capcom mode control register 6 0000h ccm7 b ff28h 94h capcom mode control register 7 0000h cp fe10h 08h cpu context pointer register fc00h cric b ff6ah b5h gpt2 caprel interrupt control register 0000h csp fe08h 04h cpu code segment pointer register (read only) 0000h dp0l b f100h e 80h p0l direction control register 00h dp0h b f102h e 81h p0h direction control register 00h dp1l b f104h e 82h p1l direction control register 00h dp1h b f106h e 83h p1h direction control register 00h dp2 b ffc2h e1h port 2 direction control register 0000h dp3 b ffc6h e3h port 3 direction control register 0000h dp4 b ffcah e5h port 4 direction control register 00h dp6 b ffceh e7h port 6 direction control register 00h dp7 b ffd2h e9h port 7 direction control register 00h dp8 b ffd6h ebh port 8 direction control register 00h dpp0 fe00h 00h cpu data page pointer 0 register (10-bit) 0000h dpp1 fe02h 01h cpu data page pointer 1 register (10-bit) 0001h dpp2 fe04h 02h cpu data page pointer 2 register (10-bit) 0002h dpp3 fe06h 03h cpu data page pointer 3 register (10-bit) 0003h exicon b f1c0h e e0h external interrupt control register 0000h idchip f07ch e 3eh device identifier register 0a8xh 1 idmanuf f07eh e 3fh manufacturer identifier register 0400h idmem f07ah e 3dh on-chip memory identifier register 3040h idprog f078h e 3ch programming voltage identifier register 9a40h mdc b ff0eh 87h cpu multiply divide control register 0000h mdh fe0ch 06h cpu multiply divide register C high word 0000h mdl fe0eh 07h cpu multiply divide register C low word 0000h odp2 b f1c2h e e1h port 2 open drain control register 0000h odp3 b f1c6h e e3h port 3 open drain control register 0000h table 22 : special function registers listed by name name physical address 8-bit address description reset value
st10f168 46/74 odp6 b f1ceh e e7h port 6 open drain control register 00h odp7 b f1d2h e e9h port 7 open drain control register 00h odp8 b f1d6h e ebh port 8 open drain control register 00h ones b ff1eh 8fh constant value 1s register (read only) ffffh p0l b ff00h 80h port 0 low register (lower half of port0) 00h p0h b ff02h 81h port 0 high register (upper half of port0) 00h p1l b ff04h 82h port 1 low register (lower half of port1) 00h p1h b ff06h 83h port 1 high register (upper half of port1) 00h p2 b ffc0h e0h port 2 register 0000h p3 b ffc4h e2h port 3 register 0000h p4 b ffc8h e4h port 4 register (8-bit) 00h p5 b ffa2h d1h port 5 register (read only) xxxxh p6 b ffcch e6h port 6 register (8-bit) 00h p7 b ffd0h e8h port 7 register (8-bit) 00h p8 b ffd4h eah port 8 register (8-bit) 00h pecc0 fec0h 60h pec channel 0 control register 0000h pecc1 fec2h 61h pec channel 1 control register 0000h pecc2 fec4h 62h pec channel 2 control register 0000h pecc3 fec6h 63h pec channel 3 control register 0000h pecc4 fec8h 64h pec channel 4 control register 0000h pecc5 fecah 65h pec channel 5 control register 0000h pecc6 fecch 66h pec channel 6 control register 0000h pecc7 feceh 67h pec channel 7 control register 0000h picon f1c4h e e2h port input threshold control register 0000h pp0 f038h e 1ch pwm module period register 0 0000h pp1 f03ah e 1dh pwm module period register 1 0000h pp2 f03ch e 1eh pwm module period register 2 0000h pp3 f03eh e 1fh pwm module period register 3 0000h psw b ff10h 88h cpu program status word 0000h pt0 f030h e 18h pwm module up / down counter 0 0000h pt1 f032h e 19h pwm module up / down counter 1 0000h pt2 f034h e 1ah pwm module up / down counter 2 0000h pt3 f036h e 1bh pwm module up / down counter 3 0000h pw0 fe30h 18h pwm module pulse width register 0 0000h pw1 fe32h 19h pwm module pulse width register 1 0000h pw2 fe34h 1ah pwm module pulse width register 2 0000h pw3 fe36h 1bh pwm module pulse width register 3 0000h pwmcon0 b ff30h 98h pwm module control register 0 0000h pwmcon1 b ff32h 99h pwm module control register 1 0000h table 22 : special function registers listed by name name physical address 8-bit address description reset value
st10f168 47/74 pwmic b f17eh e bfh pwm module interrupt control register 0000h rp0h b f108h e 84h system start-up configuration register (read only) xxh s0bg feb4h 5ah serial channel 0 baud rate generator reload register 0000h s0con b ffb0h d8h serial channel 0 control register 0000h s0eic b ff70h b8h serial channel 0 error interrupt control register 0000h s0rbuf feb2h 59h serial channel 0 receive buffer register (read only) xxh s0ric b ff6eh b7h serial channel 0 receive interrupt control register 0000h s0tbic b f19ch e ceh serial channel 0 transmit buffer interrupt control register 0000h s0tbuf feb0h 58h serial channel 0 transmit buffer register (write only) 00h s0tic b ff6ch b6h serial channel 0 transmit interrupt control register 0000h sp fe12h 09h cpu system stack pointer register fc00h sscbr f0b4h e 5ah ssc baud rate register 0000h ssccon b ffb2h d9h ssc control register 0000h ssceic b ff76h bbh ssc error interrupt control register 0000h sscrb f0b2h e 59h ssc receive buffer (read only) xxxxh sscric b ff74h bah ssc receive interrupt control register 0000h ssctb f0b0h e 58h ssc transmit buffer (write only) 0000h ssctic b ff72h b9h ssc transmit interrupt control register 0000h stkov fe14h 0ah cpu stack overflow pointer register fa00h stkun fe16h 0bh cpu stack underflow pointer register fc00h syscon b ff12h 89h cpu system configuration register 0xx0h 2 t0 fe50h 28h capcom timer 0 register 0000h t01con b ff50h a8h capcom timer 0 and timer 1 control register 0000h t0ic b ff9ch ceh capcom timer 0 interrupt control register 0000h t0rel fe54h 2ah capcom timer 0 reload register 0000h t1 fe52h 29h capcom timer 1 register 0000h t1ic b ff9eh cfh capcom timer 1 interrupt control register 0000h t1rel fe56h 2bh capcom timer 1 reload register 0000h t2 fe40h 20h gpt1 timer 2 register 0000h t2con b ff40h a0h gpt1 timer 2 control register 0000h t2ic b ff60h b0h gpt1 timer 2 interrupt control register 0000h t3 fe42h 21h gpt1 timer 3 register 0000h t3con b ff42h a1h gpt1 timer 3 control register 0000h t3ic b ff62h b1h gpt1 timer 3 interrupt control register 0000h t4 fe44h 22h gpt1 timer 4 register 0000h t4con b ff44h a2h gpt1 timer 4 control register 0000h t4ic b ff64h b2h gpt1 timer 4 interrupt control register 0000h t5 fe46h 23h gpt2 timer 5 register 0000h t5con b ff46h a3h gpt2 timer 5 control register 0000h t5ic b ff66h b3h gpt2 timer 5 interrupt control register 0000h table 22 : special function registers listed by name name physical address 8-bit address description reset value
st10f168 48/74 notes: 1. the value depends on the silicon revision and is described in the chapter 19.1. 2. the system configuration is selected during reset. 3. bit wdtr indicates a watchdog timer triggered reset. 4. the xpnic interrupt control registers control the interrupt requests from integrated x-bus peripherals. nodes where no x-peripherals are connected may be used to generate software controlled interrupt requests by setting the respective xpnir bit. t6 fe48h 24h gpt2 timer 6 register 0000h t6con b ff48h a4h gpt2 timer 6 control register 0000h t6ic b ff68h b4h gpt2 timer 6 interrupt control register 0000h t7 f050h e 28h capcom timer 7 register 0000h t78con b ff20h 90h capcom timer 7 and 8 control register 0000h t7ic b f17ah e beh capcom timer 7 interrupt control register 0000h t7rel f054h e 2ah capcom timer 7 reload register 0000h t8 f052h e 29h capcom timer 8 register 0000h t8ic b f17ch e bfh capcom timer 8 interrupt control register 0000h t8rel f056h e 2bh capcom timer 8 reload register 0000h tfr b ffach d6h trap flag register 0000h wdt feaeh 57h watchdog timer register (read only) 0000h wdtcon b ffaeh d7h watchdog timer control register 000xh 3 xp0ic b f186h e c3h can module interrupt control register 0000h 4 xp1ic b f18eh e c7h x-peripheral 1 interrupt control register 0000h 4 xp2ic b f196h e cbh x-peripheral 2 interrupt control register 0000h 4 xp3ic b f19eh e cfh pll unlock interrupt control register 0000h 4 zeros b ff1ch 8eh constant value 0s register (read only) 0000h table 22 : special function registers listed by name name physical address 8-bit address description reset value
st10f168 49/74 19.1 - identification registers the st10f168 has four identification registers, mapped in esfr space. these register contain: C a manufacturer identifier, C a chip identifier, with its revision, C a internal memory and size identifier, C programming voltage description. idmanuf (f07eh / 3fh) esfr description manuf : manufacturer identifier - 020h: stmicroelectronics manufacturer (jtag worldwide normalisation). idchip (f07ch / 3eh) esfr description revid : device revision identifier - 1h for the first step, 2h for the second step,... chipid : device identifier - 0a8h is the identifier of st10f168. idmem (f07ah / 3dh) esfr description memsize : internal memory size - 040h for st10f168 (256k bytes). internal memory size is 4 * (in k byte). memtyp : internal memory type - 3h for st10f168 (flash memory). idprog (f078h / 3ch) esfr description progvdd : programming v dd vol tag e v dd voltage when programming eprom or flash devices is calculated using the follow- ing formula: v dd = 20 * / 256 [v] - 40h for st10f168 (5v). progvpp : programming v pp voltage v pp voltage when programming eprom or flash devices is calculated using the follow- ing formula: v pp = 20 * / 256 [v] - 9ah for st10f168 (12v). 1514131211109876543210 manuf ----- r 1514131211109876543210 chipid revid rr 15 14131211109876543210 memtyp memsize rr 1514131211109876543210 progvpp progvdd rr
st10f168 50/74 20 - electrical characteristics 20.1 - absolute maximum ratings note: 1. stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational se ctions of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliab ility. during overload conditions (v in >v dd or v in st10f168 51/74 notes: 1. st10f168 pins are equipped with low-noise output drivers which significantly improve the devices emi performance. the se low-noise drivers deliver their maximum current only until the respective target output level is reached. after this, the outpu t current is reduced. this results in increased impedance of the driver, which attenuates electrical noise from the connected pcb tracks. the current specified in column test conditions is delivered in all cases. 2. this specification is not valid for outputs which are switched to open drain mode. in this case the respective output will f loat and the voltage results from the external circuitry. 3. partially tested, guaranteed by design characterization. 4. overload conditions occur if the standard operating conditions are exceeded, i.e. the voltage on any pin exceeds the specifi ed range (i.e. v ov > v dd +0.5v or v ov < -0.5v). the absolute sum of input overload currents on all port pins may not exceed 50ma. the supply voltage must remain within the specified limits. 5. the maximum current may be drawn while the respective signal line remains inactive. 6. this specification is only valid during reset, or during hold-mode or adapt-mode. port 6 pins are only affected if they are used for cs output and the open drain function is not enabled. 7. the minimum current must be drawn in order to drive the respective signal line active. 8. the power supply current is a function of the operating frequency. this dependency is illustrated in the figure 15. these parameters are tested at v dd max and 25mhz cpu clock with all outputs disconnected and all inputs at vil or vih. the chip is configured with a demultiplexed 16-bit bus, direct clock drive, 5 chip select lines and 2 segment address lines, ea pin is low during reset. after reset, port 0 is driven with the value 00cch that produces infinite execution of nop instruction with 15 wait-sta te, r/w delay, memory tristate wait state, normal ale. peripherals are not activated. 9. idle mode supply current is a function of the operating frequency. this dependency is illustrated in the figure 15. these parameters are tested at v dd max and 25mhz cpu clock with all outputs disconnected and all inputs at v il or v ih . 10. this parameter value includes leakage currents. with all inputs (including pins configured as inputs) at 0 v to 0.1v or at v dd C 0.1v to v dd , v ref = 0v, all outputs (including pins configured as outputs) disconnected. 11. apply 12v on v pp 10ms after v dd is stable at power up. v pp pin must be switched to 0v before to switch off v dd (5v). i oz2 cc input leakage current (all other) 0v < v in < v dd C 1 m a i ov sr overload current 3 4 C 5ma r rst cc rstin pull-up resistor 3 0v < v in < v ilmax 50 250 k w i rwh 5 read / write inactive current 6 v out = 2.4v C -40 m a i rwl 7 read / write active current 6 v out = v olmax -500 C m a i alel 6 ale inactive current 6 v out = v olmax 40 C m a i aleh 6 ale active current 6 v out = 2.4v C 600 m a i p6h 6 port 6 inactive current 6 v out = 2.4v C -40 m a i p6l 7 port 6 active current 6 v out = v ol1max -500 C m a i p0h 6 port 0 configuration current 6 v in = v ihmin C-10 m a i p0l 7 v in = v ilmax -100 C m a i il cc xtal1 input current 0v < v in < v dd C 20 m a c io cc pin capacitance 6 (digital inputs / outputs) f = 1mhz, t a = 25c C10pf i cc power supply current rstin = v ih1 f cpu in [mhz] 8 C 20 + 6 x f cpu ma i id idle mode supply current rstin = v ih1 f cpu in [mhz] 9 C 20 + 3 x f cpu ma i pd power-down mode supply current v dd = 5.5v 10 C100 m a i ppr v pp read current v pp < v dd C200 m a i ppw v pp programming / erasing current 3 v pp = 12v, f cpu = 25mhz C20ma v pp 11 v pp during programming / erasing operations 11,4 12,6 v symbol parameter test conditions min. max. unit
st10f168 52/74 figure 15 : supply / idle current as a function of operation frequency 20.4 - a/d converter characteristics v dd = 5v 10%, v ss = 0v, 4.0v v aref v dd +0.1v, v ss -0.1v v agnd v ss + 0.2v, q6 version : t a = -40, +85c and for q3 version t a = -40c, +125c, unless otherwise specified notes: 1. v ain may exceed v agnd or v aref up to the absolute maximum ratings. however, the conversion result in these cases will be x000h or x3ffh, respectively. 2. during the t s sample time the input capacitance c ain can be charged/discharged by the external source. the internal resistance of the analog source must allow the capacitance to reach its final voltage level within the t s sample time. after the end of the t s sample time, changes of the analog input voltage have no effect on the conversion result. values for the t sc sample clock depend on the programming. referring to the t c conversion time formula of chapter 13, to the table 17 of page 33 and to the table below: t s min = 2 t sc min = 2 t cc min = 2 x 24 x tcl = 48 tcl t s max = 2 t sc max = 2 x 8 t cc max = 2 x 8 x 96 tcl = 1536 tcl tcl is defined in section 20.5.5 at page 55. 3. the conversion time formula is: t c = 14 t cc + t s + 4 tcl (= 14 t cc + 2 t sc + 4 tcl) the t c parameter includes the t s sample time, the time for determining the digital result and the time to load the result register with the result of the conversion. values for the t cc conversion clock depend on the programming. referring to the table 17 of page 33 and to the table below: t c min = 14 t cc min + t s min + 4 tcl = 14 x 24 x tcl + 48 tcl + 4 tcl = 388 tcl t c max = 14 t cc max + t s max + 4 tcl = 14 x 96 tcl + 1536 tcl + 4 tcl = 2884 tcl 4. this parameter is fixed by adc control logic. 5. tue is tested at v aref = 5.0v, v agnd = 0v, v cc = 4.9v. it is guaranteed by design characterization for all other voltages within the defined voltage range. the specified tue is guaranteed only if an overload condition (see iov specification) occurs on maximum of 2 not selected analog input pins and the absolute sum of input overload currents on all analog input pins does not exceed 10ma. during the reset calibration sequence the maximum tue may be 4 lsb. symbol parameter test conditions min. max. unit v ain sr analog input voltage range 1 - 8 v agnd v aref v t s cc sample time 2 - 4 48 tcl 1 536 tcl t c cc conversion time 3 - 4 388 tcl 2 884 tcl tue cc total unadjusted error 5 C 2 lsb r aref sr internal resistance of reference voltage source t cc in [ns] 6 - 7 C(t cc / 165) - 0.25 k w r asrc sr internal resistance of analog source t s in [ns] 2 - 7 C(t s / 330) - 0.25 k w c ain cc adc input capacitance 7 C33pf i [ma] f cpu [mhz] 5 10 15 20 200 100 10 i idmax i ccmax 25
st10f168 53/74 6. during the conversion the adcs capacitance must be repeatedly charged or discharged. the internal resistance of the referen ce voltage source must allow the capacitance to reach its respective voltage level within t cc . the maximum internal resistance results from the programmed conversion timing. 7. partially tested, guaranteed by design characterization. 8. to remove noise and undesirable high frequency components from the analog input signal, a low-pass filter must be connected at the adc input. the cut-off frequency of this filter must be twice the highest conversion frequency used in the application as d escribed in the formula: f cut-off = 2 / t c app where t c app is the shorter conversion time used in the application, calculated with the following formula: t c app = 14 t cc + t s + 4 tcl (= 14 t cc + 2 t sc + 4 tcl). adc sample time and conversion time are programmable. the table below should be used to calculate the above timings. 20.5 - ac characteristics 20.5.1 - test waveforms conversion time sample time adcon.15|14 (adctc) conversion clock t cc adcon.13|12 (adstc) sample clock t sc 00 tcl x 24 00 t cc 01 reserved, do not use 01 t cc x 2 10 tcl x 96 10 t cc x 4 11 tcl x 48 11 t cc x 8 figure 16 : input / output waveforms figure 17 : float waveforms 2.4v 0.45v test points 0.2v dd +0.9 0.2v dd +0.9 0.2v dd -0.1 0.2v dd -0.1 ac inputs during testing are driven at 2.4v for a logic 1 and 0.4v for a logic 0. timing measurements are made at v ih min for a logic 1 and v il max for a logic 0. timing reference points v load +0.1v v load -0.1v v oh -0.1v v ol +0.1v v load v ol v oh for timing purposes a port pin is no longer floating when v load changes of 100mv. it begins to float when a 100mv change from the loaded v oh /v ol level occurs (i oh /i ol = 20ma).
st10f168 54/74 20.5.2 - definition of internal timing the internal operation of the st10f168 is controlled by the internal cpu clock f cpu . both edges of the cpu clock can trigger internal (e.g. pipeline) or external (e.g. bus cycles) operations. the specification of the external timing (ac characteristics) therefore depends on the time between two consecutive edges of the cpu clock, called tcl (see figure 18). the cpu clock signal can be generated by different mechanisms. the duration of tcl and its variation (and also the derived external timing) depends on the mechanism used to generate f cpu . this influence must be regarded when calculating the timings for the st10f168. the example for pll operation shown in the figure 18 refers to a pll factor of 4. the mechanism used to generate the cpu clock is selected during reset by the logic levels on pins p0.15-13 (p0h.7-5). 20.5.3 - clock generation modes the table 23 associates the combinations of these three bit with the respective clock generation mode. notes: 1. the external clock input range refers to a cpu clock range of 1...25mhz. 2. the maximum depends on the duty cycle of the external clock signal. 3. the maximum input frequency is 25mhz when using an external crystal with the internal oscillator; providing that internal se rial resistance of the crystal is less than 40 w . however, higher frequencies can be applied with an external clock source on pin xtal1, but in this case, the input clock signal must reach the defined levels v il and v ih2. figure 18 : generation mechanisms for the cpu clock table 23 : cpu frequency generation p0h.7 p0h.6 p0h.5 cpu frequency f cpu = f xtal x f external clock input range 1 notes 111 f xtal x 4 2.5 to 6.25mhz default configuration 110 f xtal x 3 3.33 to 8.33mhz 101 f xtal x 2 5 to 12.5mhz 100 f xtal x 5 2 to 5mhz 011 f xtal x 1 1 to 25mhz direct drive 2 010 f xtal x 1.5 6.66 to 16.6mhz 001 f xtal / 2 2 to 50mhz cpu clock via prescaler 3 000 f xtal x 2.5 4 to 10mhz tcl tcl tcl tcl f cpu f xtal f cpu f xtal phase locked loop operation direct clock drive tcl tcl f cpu f xtal prescaler operation
st10f168 55/74 20.5.4 - prescaler operation when pins p0.15-13 (p0h.7-5) equal 001 during reset, the cpu clock is derived from the internal oscillator (input clock signal) by a 2:1 prescaler. the frequency of f cpu is half the frequency of f xtal and the high and low time of f cpu (i.e. the duration of an individual tcl) is defined by the period of the input clock f xtal . the timings listed in the ac characteristics that refer to tcl therefore can be calculated using the period of f xtal for any tcl. note that if the bit owddis in syscon register is cleared, the pll runs on its free-running frequency and delivers the clock signal for the oscillator watchdog. if bit owddis is set, then the pll is switched off. 20.5.5 - direct drive when pins p0.15-13 (p0h.7-5) equal 011 during reset the on-chip phase locked loop is disabled and the cpu clock is directly driven from the internal oscillator with the input clock signal. the frequency of f cpu directly follows the frequency of f xtal so the high and low time of f cpu (i.e. the duration of an individual tcl) is defined by the duty cycle of the input clock f xtal . therefore, the timings given in this chapter refer to the minimum tcl. this minimum value can be calculated by the following formula: for two consecutive tcls, the deviation caused by the duty cycle of f xtal is compensated, so the duration of 2tcl is always 1/f xtal . the minimum value tcl min has to be used only once for timings that require an odd number of tcls (1,3,...). timings that require an even number of tcls (2,4,...) may use the formula: note: the address float timings in multiplexed bus mode (t 11 and t 45 ) use the maximum duration of tcl (tcl max = 1/f xtal x dc max ) instead of tcl min . if bit owddis in the syscon register is cleared, the pll runs on its free-running frequency and delivers the clock signal for the oscillator watchdog. if bit owddis is set, then the pll is switched off. 20.5.6 - oscillator watchdog (owd) when the clock option selected is direct drive or direct drive with prescaler, in order to provide a fail safe mechanism in case of a loss of the external clock, an oscillator watchdog is implemented as an additional functionality of the pll circuitry. this oscillator watchdog operates as follows : after a reset, the oscillator watchdog is enabled by default. to disable the owd, the bit owddis (bit 4 of syscon register) must be set. when the owd is enabled, the pll runs on its free-running frequency, and increments the oscillator watchdog counter. on each transition of xtal1 pin, the oscillator watchdog is cleared. if an external clock failure occurs, then the oscillator watchdog counter overflows (after 16 pll clock cycles). the cpu clock signal will be switched to the pll free-running clock signal, and the oscillator watchdog interrupt request (xp3int) is flagged. the cpu clock will not switch back to the external clock even if a valid external clock exits on xtal1 pin. only a hardware reset can switch the cpu clock source back to direct clock input. when the owd is disabled, the cpu clock is always fed from the oscillator input and the pll is switched off to decrease power supply current. 20.5.7 - phase locked loop for all other combinations of pins p0.15-13 (p0h.7-5) during reset the on-chip phase locked loop is enabled and provides the cpu clock (see ta bl e 2 3 ). the pll multiplies the input frequency by the factor f which is selected via the combination of pins p0.15-13 (i.e. f cpu = f xtal x f). with every fth transition of f xtal the pll circuit synchronizes the cpu clock to the input clock. this synchronization is done smoothly, i.e. the cpu clock frequency does not change abruptly. due to this adaptation to the input clock the frequency of f cpu is constantly adjusted so it is locked to f xtal . the slight variation causes a jitter of f cpu which also effects the duration of individual tcl. the timings listed in the ac characteristics that refer to tcl therefore must be calculated using the minimum tcl that is possible under the respective circumstances. tcl min 1f xtal dc min = dc duty cycle = 2tcl 1 f xtal =
st10f168 56/74 the real minimum value for tcl depends on the jitter of the pll. the pll tunes f cpu to keep it locked on f xtal . the relative deviation of tcl is the maximum when it is refered to one tcl period. it decreases according to the formula and to the figure 19 given below. for n periods of tcl the minimum value is computed using the corresponding deviation d n : where n = number of consecutive tcl periods and 1 n 40. so for a period of 3 tcl periods (n = 3): d 3 = 4 - 3/15 = 3.8% 3tcl min =3tcl nom x (1 - 3.8/100) =3tcl nom x 0.962 3tcl min = (57.72ns at f cpu = 25mhz) this is especially important for bus cycles using wait states and e.g. for the operation of timers, serial interfaces, etc. for all slower operations and longer periods (e.g. pulse train generation or measurement, lower baud rates, etc.) the deviation caused by the pll jitter is negligible (see figure 19). 20.5.8 - external clock drive xtal1 v dd = 5v 10%, v ss = 0v, for q6 version : t a = -40, +85c and for q3 version t a = -40, + 125c, unless otherwise specified. notes: 1. theoretical minimum. the real minimum value depends on the duty cycle of the input clock signal. 2. the input clock signal must reach the defined levels v il and v ih2 . tcl min tcl nom 1 d n 100 ------------- C ?? ?? ?? ?? = d n 4n15 ) % [] C ( = figure 19 : approximated maximum pll jitter symbol parameter f cpu = f xtal f cpu = f xtal / 2 f cpu = f xtal x n n = 1.5 / 2 / 2.5 / 3 / 4 / 5 unit min. max. min. max. min. max. t osc sr oscillator period 40 1 1000 20 500 40 x n 100 x n ns t 1 sr high time 18 2 C6 2 C10 2 Cns t 2 sr low time 18 2 C6 2 C10 2 Cns t 3 sr rise time C 10 2 C6 3 C 10 2 ns t 4 sr fall time C 10 2 C6 2 C 10 2 ns figure 20 : external clock drive xtal1 32 16 8 4 2 1 2 3 4 max.jitter [%] n this approximated formula is valid for 1 < n < 40 and 10mhz < f cpu < 25mhz. t 1 t 3 t 4 v ih2 t 2 t osc v il
st10f168 57/74 20.5.9 - memory cycle variables the tables below use three variables which are derived from the busconx registers and which represent the special characteristics of the programmed memory cycle. the following table describes how these variables are computed. 20.5.10 - multiplexed bus v dd = 5v 10%, v ss = 0v, for q6 version : t a = -40, +85c and for q3 version t a = -40, + 125c, c l = 100pf, ale cycle time = 6 tcl + 2t a + t c + t f (120ns at 25mhz cpu clock without wait states), unless otherwise specified. symbol description values t a ale extension tcl x t c memory cycle time wait states 2tcl x (15 - ) t f memory tristate time 2tcl x (1 - ) table 24 : multiplexed bus characteristics symbol parameter maximum cpu clock 25mhz variable cpu clock 1/2 tcl = 1 to 25mhz unit minimum maximum minimum maximum t 5 cc ale high time 10 + t a C tcl - 10 + t a Cns t 6 cc address setup to ale 4 + t a C tcl - 16+ t a Cns t 7 cc address hold after ale 10 + t a C tcl - 10 + t a Cns t 8 cc ale falling edge to rd , wr (with rw-delay) 10 + t a C tcl - 10 + t a Cns t 9 cc ale falling edge to rd , wr (no rw-delay) -10 + t a C -10 + t a Cns t 10 cc address float after rd , wr 1 (with rw-delay) C6 C 6ns t 11 cc address float after rd , wr 1 (no rw-delay) C 26 C tcl + 6 ns t 12 cc rd , wr low time (with rw-delay) 30 + t c C 2tcl - 10 + t c Cns t 13 cc rd , wr low time (no rw-delay) 50 + t c C 3tcl - 10 + t c Cns t 14 sr rd to valid data in (with rw-delay) C 20 + t c C 2tcl - 20+ t c ns t 15 sr rd to valid data in (no rw-delay) C 40 + t c C 3tcl - 20+ t c ns t 16 sr ale low to valid data in C 40 + t a + t c C 3tcl - 20 + t a + t c ns t 17 sr address / unlatched cs to valid data in C 50 + 2t a + t c C 4tcl - 30 + 2t a + t c ns t 18 sr data hold after rd rising edge 0 C 0 C ns t 19 sr data float after rd 1 C26 + t f C 2tcl - 14 + t f ns t 22 cc data valid to wr 20 + t c C 2tcl - 20 + t c Cns
st10f168 58/74 note: 1. partially tested, guaranteed by design characterization. t 23 cc data hold after wr 26 + t f C 2tcl - 14 + t f Cns t 25 cc ale rising edge after rd , wr 26 + t f C 2tcl - 14 + t f Cns t 27 cc address / unlatched cs hold after rd , wr 26 + t f C 2tcl - 14 + t f Cns t 38 cc ale falling edge to latched cs -4 - t a 10 - t a -4 - t a 10 - t a ns t 39 sr latched cs low to valid data in C 40 + t c + 2t a C 3tcl - 20 + t c + 2t a ns t 40 cc latched cs hold after rd , wr 46 + t f C 3tcl - 14 + t f Cns t 42 cc ale fall. edge to rdcs , wrcs (with rw delay) 16 + t a C tcl - 4 + t a Cns t 43 cc ale fall. edge to rdcs , wrcs (no rw delay) -4 + t a C -4 + t a Cns t 44 cc address float after rdcs , wrcs 1 (with rw delay) C0 C 0ns t 45 cc address float after rdcs , wrcs 1 (no rw delay) C 20 C tcl ns t 46 sr rdcs to valid data in (with rw delay) C16 + t c C 2tcl - 24 + t c ns t 47 sr rdcs to valid data in (no rw delay) C36 + t c C 3tcl - 24 + t c ns t 48 cc rdcs , wrcs low time (with rw delay) 30 + t c C 2tcl - 10 + t c Cns t 49 cc rdcs , wrcs low time (no rw delay) 50 + t c C 3tcl - 10 + t c Cns t 50 cc data valid to wrcs 26 + t c C 2tcl - 14+ t c Cns t 51 sr data hold after rdcs 0C 0 Cns t 52 sr data float after rdcs 1 C20 + t f C 2tcl - 20 + t f ns t 54 cc address hold after rdcs , wrcs 20 + t f C 2tcl - 20 + t f Cns t 56 cc data hold after wrcs 20 + t f C 2tcl - 20 + t f Cns table 24 : multiplexed bus characteristics (continued) symbol parameter maximum cpu clock 25mhz variable cpu clock 1/2 tcl = 1 to 25mhz unit minimum maximum minimum maximum
st10f168 59/74 figure 21 : external memory cycle : multiplexed bus, with / without read/write delay, normal ale data in data out address address t 38 t 10 read cycle write cycle t 5 t 16 t 39 t 40 t 25 t 27 t 18 t 14 t 22 t 23 t 12 t 8 t 8 t 6m t 19 address t 17 t 6 t 7 t 9 t 11 t 13 t 15 t 16 t 12 t 13 address t 9 t 17 t 6 t 27 clkout ale csx a23-a16 (a15-a8) bus (p0) rd bus (p0) wr wrl bhe wrh
st10f168 60/74 figure 22 : external memory cycle: multiplexed bus, with / without read/write delay, extended ale data out address data in address address t 5 t 16 t 6 t 7 t 39 t 40 t 14 t 8 t 18 t 23 t 6 t 27 t 38 t 10 t 19 t 25 t 17 t 9 t 11 t 15 t 12 t 13 t 8 t 10 t 9 t 11 t 12 t 13 t 22 t 27 t 17 t 6 read cycle write cycle clkout ale csx a23-a16 (a15-a8) bus (p0) rd bus (p0) wr wrl bhe wrh
st10f168 61/74 figure 23 : external memory cycle: multiplexed bus, with / without read/write delay, normal ale, read/write chip select read cycle write cycle clkout ale a23-a16 (a15-a8) bus (p0) bus (p0) bhe data in data out address address t 44 t 5 t 16 t 25 t 27 t 51 t 46 t 50 t 56 t 48 t 42 t 42 t 6 t 52 address t 17 t 6 t 7 t 43 t 45 t 49 t 47 t 16 t 48 t 49 address t 43 rdcsx wrcsx
st10f168 62/74 figure 24 : external memory cycle: multiplexed bus, with / without read/write delay, extended ale, read/write chip select data out address data in address address t 5 t 16 t 6 t 7 t 46 t 42 t 42 t 50 t 18 t 56 t 6 t 54 t 44 t 19 t 25 t 17 t 43 t 45 t 47 t 48 t 49 t 49 t 43 t 48 t 44 t 45 read cycle write cycle clkout ale a23-a16 (a15-a8) bus (p0) bus (p0) bhe rdcsx wrcsx
st10f168 63/74 20.5.11 - demultiplexed bus v dd = 5v 10%, v ss = 0v, for q6 version : t a = -40, +85c and for q3 version t a = -40, +125c, c l = 100pf, ale cycle time = 4 tcl + 2t a + t c + t f (80ns at 25mhz cpu clock without wait states), unless otherwise specified. table 25 : demultiplexed bus characteristics symbol parameter maximum cpu clock = 25mhz variable cpu clock 1/2 tcl = 1 to 25mhz unit minimum maximum minimum maximum t 5 cc ale high time 10 + t a C tcl - 10+ t a Cns t 6 cc address setup to ale 4 + t a C tcl - 16+ t a Cns t 80 cc address / unlatched cs setup to rd , wr (with rw-delay) 30 + 2t a C 2tcl - 10 + 2t a Cns t 81 cc address / unlatched cs setup to rd , wr (no rw-delay) 10 + 2t a C tcl -10 + 2t a Cns t 12 cc rd , wr low time (with rw-delay) 30 + t c C 2tcl - 10 + t c Cns t 13 cc rd , wr low time (no rw-delay) 50 + t c C 3tcl - 10 + t c Cns t 14 sr rd to valid data in (with rw-delay) C 20 + t c C 2tcl - 20 + t c ns t 15 sr rd to valid data in (no rw-delay) C 40 + t c C 3tcl - 20 + t c ns t 16 sr ale low to valid data in C 40 + t a + t c C 3tcl - 20 + t a + t c ns t 17 sr address / unlatched cs to valid data in C 50 + 2t a + t c C 4tcl - 30 + 2t a + t c ns t 18 sr data hold after rd rising edge 0 C 0 C ns t 20 sr data float after rd rising edge (with rw-delay) 1 2 C 26 + t f C 2tcl - 14 + t f + 2t a 1 ns t 21 sr data float after rd rising edge (no rw-delay) 1 2 C 10 + t f C tcl - 10 + t f + 2t a 1 ns t 22 cc data valid to wr 20 + t c C 2tcl- 20 + t c Cns t 24 cc data hold after wr 10 + t f C tcl - 10+ t f Cns t 26 cc ale rising edge after rd , wr -10 + t f C -10 + t f Cns t 28 cc address / unlatched cs hold after rd , wr 3 0 (no t f ) -5 + t f (t f > 0) C 0 (no t f ) -5 + t f (t f > 0) Cns t 28h cc address / unlatched cs hold after wrh -5 + t f C -5 + t f Cns t 38 cc ale falling edge to latched cs -4 - t a 10 - t a -4 - t a 10 - t a ns
st10f168 64/74 notes: 1. rw-delay and t a refer to the following bus cycle. 2. partially tested, guaranteed by design characterization. 3. read data is latched with the same clock edge that triggers the address change and the rising rd edge. therefore address changes before the end of rd have no impact on read cycles. t 39 sr latched cs low to valid data in C 40 + t c + 2t a C 3tcl - 20 + t c + 2t a ns t 41 cc latched cs hold after rd , wr 6 + t f C tcl - 14 + t f Cns t 82 cc address setup to rdcs , wrcs (with rw-delay) 26 + 2t a C 2tcl - 14 + 2t a Cns t 83 cc address setup to rdcs , wrcs (no rw-delay) 6 + 2t a C tcl -14 + 2t a Cns t 46 sr rdcs to valid data in (with rw-delay) C 16 + t c C 2tcl - 24 + t c ns t 47 sr rdcs to valid data in (no rw-delay) C 36 + t c C 3tcl - 24 + t c ns t 48 cc rdcs , wrcs low time (with rw-delay) 30 + t c C 2tcl - 10 + t c Cns t 49 cc rdcs , wrcs low time (no rw-delay) 50 + t c C 3tcl - 10 + t c Cns t 50 cc data valid to wrcs 26 + t c C 2tcl - 14 + t c Cns t 51 sr data hold after rdcs 0C0Cns t 53 sr data float after rdcs (with rw-delay) 2 C 20 + t f C 2tcl - 20 + t f ns t 68 sr data float after rdcs (no rw-delay) 2 C0 + t f C tcl - 20 + t f ns t 55 cc address hold after rdcs , wrcs -10 + t f C -10 + t f Cns t 57 cc data hold after wrcs 6 + t f C tcl - 14 + t f Cns table 25 : demultiplexed bus characteristics (continued) symbol parameter maximum cpu clock = 25mhz variable cpu clock 1/2 tcl = 1 to 25mhz unit minimum maximum minimum maximum
st10f168 65/74 figure 25 : external memory cycle: demultiplexed bus, with / without read/write delay, normal ale note: 1. un-latched csx = t 41u = t 41 - tcl = -14 + t f . write cycle clkout ale a23-a16 (a15-a8) data bus (p0) bhe wr wrl wrh data in data out t 38 t 5 t 16 t 39 t 41 t 18 t 14 t 22 t 12 address t 17 t 13 t 15 t 12 t 13 t 21 t 20 t 81 t 80 t 26 t 24 t 17 t 6 t 41u t 6 t 80 t 81 t 28 csx read cycle data bus (p0) rd 1)
st10f168 66/74 figure 26 : external memory cycle: demultiplexed bus, with / without read/write delay, extended ale address t 5 t 16 t 39 t 41 t 14 t 24 t 6 t 38 t 20 t 26 t 17 t 15 t 12 t 13 t 12 t 13 t 22 data in t 18 t 21 t 6 t 17 t 28 t 28 data out t 80 t 81 t 80 t 81 read cycle write cycle clkout ale csx a23-a16 (a15-a8) data bus rd data bus wr wrl bhe wrh (p0) (p0)
st10f168 67/74 figure 27 : external memory cycle: demultiplexed bus, with / without read/write delay, normal ale, read/write chip select read cycle write cycle clkout ale a23-a16 (a15-a8) data bus (p0) bhe data in data out t 5 t 16 t 51 t 46 t 50 t 48 address t 17 t 49 t 47 t 48 t 49 t 68 t 53 t 83 t 82 t 26 t 57 t 55 t 6 t 82 t 83 rdcsx data bus (p0) wrcsx
st10f168 68/74 figure 28 : external memory cycle: demultiplexed bus, no read/write delay, extended ale, read/write chip select address t 5 t 16 t 46 t 57 t 6 t 53 t 26 t 17 t 47 t 48 t 49 t 48 t 49 t 50 data in t 51 t 68 t 55 data out t 82 t 83 t 82 t 83 read cycle write cycle clkout ale a23-a16 (a15-a8) data bus (p0) bhe rdcsx data bus (p0) wrcsx
st10f168 69/74 20.5.12 - clkout and ready v dd = 5v 10%, v ss = 0v, for q6 version : t a = -40, +85c and for q3 version t a = -40, +125c, c l = 100pf, unless otherwise specified notes: 1. these timings are given for test purposes only, in order to assure recognition at a specific clock edge. 2. demultiplexed bus is the worst case. for multiplexed bus 2tcl are to be added to the maximum values. this adds even more tim e for deactivating ready. the 2t a and t c refer to the next following bus cycle, t f refers to the current bus cycle. table 26 : clkout and ready characteristics symbol parameter max. cpu clock 25mhz variable cpu clock 1/2 tcl = 1 to 25mhz unit minimum maximum minimum maximum t 29 cc clkout cycle time 40 40 2tcl 2tcl ns t 30 cc clkout high time 14 C tcl C 6 C ns t 31 cc clkout low time 10 C tcl C 10 C ns t 32 cc clkout rise time C 4 C 4 ns t 33 cc clkout fall time C 4 C 4 ns t 34 cc clkout rising edge to ale falling edge -3 + t a +7 + t a -3 + t a 7 + t a ns t 35 sr synchronous ready setup time to clkout 14 C 14 C ns t 36 sr synchronous ready hold time after clkout 4C 4 Cns t 37 sr asynchronous ready low time 54 C 2tcl + 14 C ns t 58 sr asynchronous ready setup time 1 14 C 14 C ns t 59 sr asynchronous ready hold time 1 4C 4 Cns t 60 sr async. ready hold time after rd , wr high (demultiplexed bus) 2 0 0 + 2t a + t c + t f 2 0 tcl - 20 + 2t a + t c + t f 2 ns
st10f168 70/74 figure 29 : clkout and ready notes: 1. cycle as programmed, including mctc wait states (example shows 0 mctc ws). 2. the leading edge of the respective command depends on rw-delay. 3. ready sampled high at this sampling point generates a ready controlled wait state, ready sampled low at this sampling point terminates the currently running bus cycle. 4. ready may be deactivated in response to the trailing (rising) edge of the corresponding command (rd or wr ). 5. if the asynchronous ready signal does not fulfill the indicated setup and hold times with respect to clkout (e.g. because clkout is not enabled), it must fulfill t 37 in order to be safely synchronized. this is guaranteed, if ready is removed in response to the command (see note 4)). 6. multiplexed bus modes have a mux wait state added after a bus cycle, and an additional mttc wait state may be inserted here. for a multiplexed bus with mttc wait state this delay is 2 clkout cycles, for a demultiplexed bus without mttc wait state this delay is zero. 7. the next external bus cycle may start here. t 30 t 34 t 35 t 36 t 35 t 36 t 58 t 59 t 58 t 59 wait state ready mux / tristate 6) t 32 t 33 t 29 running cycle 1) t 31 t 37 3) 3) 5) t 60 4) 6) 2) 7) 3) 3) clkout ale rd , wr synchronous asynchronous ready ready
st10f168 71/74 20.5.13 - external bus arbitration v dd = 5v 10%, v ss = 0v, for q6 version : t a = -40, +85c and for q3 version t a = -40, +125c, c l = 100pf, unless otherwise specified. note: 1. partially tested, guaranted by design characterization. notes: 1. the st10f168 will complete the currently running bus cycle before granting bus access. 2. this is the first possibility for breq to become active. 3. the cs outputs will be resistive high (pullup) after t 64 . symbol parameter max. cpu clock 25mhz variable cpu clock 1/2 tcl = 1 to 25mhz unit minimum maximum minimum maximum t 61 sr hold input setup time to clkout 20 C 20 C ns t 62 cc clkout to hlda high or breq low delay C 20 C 20 ns t 63 cc clkout to hlda low or breq high delay C 20 C 20 ns t 64 cc csx release 1 C 20 C 20 ns t 65 cc csx drive -4 24 -4 24 ns t 66 cc other signals release 1 C 20 C 20 ns t 67 cc other signals drive -4 24 -4 24 ns figure 30 : external bus arbitration, releasing the bus t 61 t 63 t 66 1) t 64 1) 2) t 62 3) clkout hold hlda breq others csx (p6.x)
st10f168 72/74 figure 31 : external bus arbitration, (regaining the bus) notes: 1. this is the last opportunity for breq to trigger the indicated regain-sequence. even if breq is activated earlier, the regain-sequence is initiated by hold going high. please note that hold may also be deactivated without the st10f168 requesting the bus. 2. the next st10f168 driven bus cycle may start here. clkout hold hlda breq others csx (p6.x) t 62 t 67 t 62 1) 2) t 65 t 61 t 63 t 62
st10f168 73/74 21 - package mechanical data note: 1. package dimensions are in mm. the dimensions quoted in inches are rounded. 22 - ordering information figure 32 : package outline pqfp144 (28 x 28mm) 144 109 d3 e 37 72 1 36 b a1 a2 a d1 d 73 108 e3 e1 e 0,10 mm .004 inch seating plane c l k l1 dimensions millimeters 1 inches (approx) minimum typical maximum minimum typical maximum a 4.07 0.160 a1 0.25 0.010 a2 3.17 3.42 3.67 0.125 0.133 0.144 b 0.22 0.38 0.009 0.015 c 0.13 0.23 0.005 0.009 d 30.95 31.20 31.45 1.219 1.228 1.238 d1 27.90 28.00 28.10 1.098 1.102 1.106 d3 22.75 0.896 e 0.65 0.026 e 30.95 31.20 31.45 1.219 1.228 1.238 e1 27.90 28.00 28.10 1.098 1.102 1.106 l 0.65 0.80 0.95 0.026 0.031 0.037 l1 1.60 0.063 k 0 (min.), 7 (max.) sales type temperature range package st10f168-q6 -40 c to 85 c pqfp144 (28 x 28mm) st10f168-q3 -40 c to 125 c pqfp144 (28 x 28mm)
74 information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, stmicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result f rom its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of stmicroelectronics. specificati ons mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. this publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. stmicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of stmicroelectronics. the st logo is a registered trademark of stmicroelectronics ? 2002 stmicroelectronics - all rights reserved stmicroelectronics group of companies australia - brazil - canada - china - finland - france - germany - hong kong - india - israel - italy - japan - malaysia - malt a - morocco singapore - spain - sweden - switzerland - united kingdom - united states http://www.st.com 74/74 st10f168 f168q3q6.ref

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